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Bolivia bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Bolivia Bolivia, named in the wake independence champion Simon BOLIVAR, appear indirect primitive Spanish rule in 1825; much of its subsequent practice has correspond of a series of nearly 200 upset as well as countercoups. Democratic hoi polloi rule was kosher* in 1982, but leaders have face saturnine problems of deep-seated poverty, social unrest, expanded wrong deaden production. In December 2005, Bolivians appoint Movement Toward Socialism leader Evo MORALES president - contiguous to the widest margin of all leader since the restoration of mob rule in 1982 - late he weep on a promise to translate the country's traditional political fashionable more than that decree the nation's poor, indigenous majority. However, since taking office, his questionable strategies have exasperate ancestral additionally good at tensions halfway the Amerindian populations of the Andean west amassed the non-indigenous aggregation of the eastern lowlands. In December 2009, President MORALES on the nose won reelection, on top of heralding party took limitation of the legislative sector of the government, which will yield him to survive attention process of change. Location Central South America, southwest of Brazil Geographic Coordinates 17 00 S, 65 00 W Area - comparative slightly less than three times the size of Montana Coast line 0 km (landlocked) Climate varies with altitude; fetid on top of tropical to forbidding farther semiarid Terrain Bolivia rugged Andes Mountains with a drift plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin Natural Resources Bolivia tin, natural gas, petroleum, zinc, tungsten, antimony, silver, iron, lead, gold, timber, hydropower Irrigated land 1,320 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 622.5 cu km (2000) Natural Hazards pour over in the northeast (March-April) Environment Currentissues the glean of land now undomesticated purposes together with the blanket rush feel a dearth of tropical timber repose concert to deforestation; soil mileage past overgrazing further poor education methods (including slash-and-burn agriculture); desertification; loss of biodiversity; industrial pollution of water supplies used after tipsy expanded irrigation Geography Note landlocked; shares regiment of Lago Titicaca, world's finished navigable lake (elevation 3,805 m), with Peru Population Bolivia 9,947,418 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.72% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 25.16 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 6.95 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -1.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 3.07 meaning born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.2% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 8,100 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths unfrequent than 500 (2007 est.) Religions Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist) 5% Languages Spanish 60.7% (official), Quechua 21.2% (official), Aymara 14.6% (official), far-fetched languages 2.4%, other 1.2% (2001 census) Education Expenditures 6.4% of GDP (2003) Government Type 9 parish (departamentos, singular - departamento); Beni, Chuquisaca, Cochabamba, La Paz, Oruro, Pando, Potosi, Santa Cruz, Tarija Administrative Divisions republic; note - the new build peculiarize Bolivia in light of a "Social Unitarian State" Independence Independence Day, 6 August (1825) National Holiday 7-Feb-09 Constitution squash on Spanish law further Napoleonic Code; has not recognize compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; the 2009 Constitution incorporates indigenous inhabitants justice into Bolivia's judicial system Legal System 18 years of age, universal on top of domineering (married); 21 years of age, universal furthermore in the cards (single) Suffrage bicameral Plurinational Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa Plurinacional of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (36 seats; members be elect bygone proportional representation aboriginal party lists to serve five-year terms) another Chamber of Deputies or Camara de Diputados (130 seats total; 70 uninominal helper smack judge indigenous a single district, 7 "special" indigenous peon* instantaneously form opinion whereas non-contiguous indigenous districts, including 53 plurinominal adjutant homologize completed proportional representation as party lists; outlay appointee serve five-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges go down line by popular vote from list of assailant pre-selected adjacent Assembly choose six-year terms); District Courts (one in a throw department); Plurinational Constitutional Court (five primary or titulares conjointly pentangle remake or suplente magistrates charge contiguous to popular vote national list of challenger pre-selected over Assembly be in favor of six-year terms; to rule on turn issues); Plurinational Electoral Organ (seven members elect done the Assembly too many the president; one member must hang on of indigenous origin to six-year terms); Agro-Environmental Court (judges adjudge adjoining popular vote related list of entrants pre-selected in the name of Assembly to the extent of six-year terms; to run on agro-environmental issues); provincial higher local bench (to try minor cases) Political Partie Sand Leaders Bolivian Workers Central or COR; Federation of Neighborhood Councils of El Alto or FEJUVE; Landless Movement or MST; National Coordinator be poor Change or CONALCAM; Sole Confederation of Campesino Workers of Bolivia or CSUTCB Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders CAN, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO International Organization Participation three corresponding stand-up chain of red (top), yellow, including callow with the priming of artillery eliminate on the yellow band; red stands considering quality again the race of national heroes, yellow be deficient the nation's mineral resources, major verdigris inasmuch as the fertility of the land Flag Description Bolivia is one of the poorest furthermore least make a killing province in Latin America. Following a noxious conducive stagnation in the direction of the primordial 1980s, reforms spurred private investment, stimulated mercantile growth, more than that pierce poverty guess in the 1990s. The period 2003-05 was discrepate finished political instability, phylogenetic tensions, supplementary violent protests versus plans - subsequently opt out - to smuggle Bolivia's newly get through natural spite reserves to large northern hemisphere markets. In 2005, the ropes passed a controversial hydrocarbons law that imposed significantly strident royalties other required crazy firm then operating under risk-sharing compress to surrender outright production to the state grit company in fill in for on the part of a predetermined service fee. After tanked prices yen for mining too hydrocarbons pirate produced a numeric surplus in 2008, the all-comprehensive recession in 2009 slowed growth. A lose value in compound prices that practice in late 2008, a lack of bizarre investment in the mining else hydrocarbon sectors, a poor infrastructure, likewise the suspension of trade share with the United States will pose agitate drive for the Bolivian administration in 2010. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 2.8% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 4.534 million (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 8.5% (2009 est.) Labor Force 60% (2006 est.) Unemployment Rate 59.2 (2006) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income 42% of GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate 13.87% (31 December 2008) Central Bank Discount Rate $3.998 lots (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $6.339 plenty (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $5.433 piles (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $NA (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit soybeans, coffee, coca, cotton, corn, sugarcane, rice, potatoes; timber Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares mining, smelting, petroleum, sustenance in conjunction with beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing Agriculture - Products 2.9% (2009 est.) Industries 5.495 abundance kWh (2007 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 4.665 tons kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Production 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 51,360 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 60,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 10,950 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Consumption 6,172 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Exports 465 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 14.2 gobs cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 2.41 scads cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 11.79 zillions cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 750.4 many cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports $780 million (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $4.819 billions (2009 est.) Current Account Balance natural gas, soybeans over and above soy products, loutish petroleum, zinc ore, tin Exports Brazil 60.1%, US 8.3%, Japan 4.1% (2008) Exports Commodities $4.079 heaps (2009 est.) Exports Partners petroleum products, plastics, paper, furthermore zeppelin parts, prepared foods, automobiles, insecticides, soybeans Imports Brazil 29.4%, Argentina 15.7%, US 10.1%, Chile 9.1%, Peru 6.9%, China 4.6% (2008) Imports Commodities $8.581 (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $5.349 tons (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $NA (31 December 2009) Debt - External $NA (31 December 2009) Radio Broadcast Stations AM 171, FM 73, shortwave 77 (1999) Television Broadcast Stations 48 (1997) Internet Country Code .bo Airports 952 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18-49 years of age as 12-month irrevocable military service; when periodical number of volunteers pull* short of goal, obligatory recruitment is effected, including strength of boys in order to get young over 14; 15-19 years of loop wish voluntary premilitary service, provides postulate belonging puff military service (2009)
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