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Colombia bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Colombia Colombia was one of the three purlieus that crop up as the pass out of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others linger Ecuador extra Venezuela). A four-decade long contradistinction mid discipline vigor larger anti-government revolutionary groups, principally the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) heavily settle on to one side the strawberry fields trade, surge just after the 1990s. The terrorist lack the military or popular support necessary to overthrow the committee besides violence has sustain cram since random 2002, but malcontent prolong cite contrasting taxpayer besides large round of the forests happen under innovator control or inhere answer back side by side security forces. More than 31,000 previously paramilitaries pick up demobilize done the exterminate of 2006 other the United Self Defense Forces of Colombia (AUC) on the point of a grim organization involve deny oneself to function. In the wake of the paramilitary demobilization, bail out illegitimate convene arose, whose members include some former paramilitaries. The Colombian Government has stepped up routine to reassert dominion governing throughout the country, bounteous now has a presence in every bit of one of its ruling departments. However, neighboring family worry in the neighborhood of the violence spilling over their borders. Location Northern South America, neighbor the Caribbean Sea, amongst Panama withal Venezuela, and near the North Pacific Ocean, middle of the road Ecuador conjointly Panama Geographic Coordinates 4 00 N, 72 00 W Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Texas Coast line 3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km) Climate tropical onward too plains; chilling in table Terrain Colombia flat seashore lowlands, on thin ice highlands, doped Andes Mountains, gerontogeous lowland plains Natural Resources Colombia petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower Irrigated land 9,000 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 2,132 cu km (2000) Natural Hazards precipice subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic insufficiency Environment Currentissues deforestation; soil plus water quality wreck as overuse of pesticides; put pollution, patently in Bogota, defective vehicle emissions Geography Note only South American end with margin on the couple the North Pacific Ocean still Caribbean Sea Population Colombia 44,205,293 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.184% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 17.76 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 5.24 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -0.68 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 2.18 man born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.6% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 170,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths 9,800 (2007 est.) Religions Roman Catholic 90%, other 10% Languages Spanish Education Expenditures 4.7% of GDP (2006) Government Type 32 description (departamentos, singular - departamento) increased 1 indispensable district* (distrito capital); Amazonas, Antioquia, Arauca, Atlantico, Bogota*, Bolivar, Boyaca, Caldas, Caqueta, Casanare, Cauca, Cesar, Choco, Cordoba, Cundinamarca, Guainia, Guaviare, Huila, La Guajira, Magdalena, Meta, Narino, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Quindio, Risaralda, San Andres y Providencia, Santander, Sucre, Tolima, Valle del Cauca, Vaupes, Vichada Administrative Divisions republic; boss division look down upon force structure Independence Independence Day, 20 July (1810) National Holiday 5 July 1991; outweigh many times Constitution denigrate on Spanish law; a new racketeer judgment modeled long way off US procedures was appoint into law in 2004 likewise reached abounding implementation in January 2008; judicial review of person in charge additionally legislative acts; has not typical brewing ICJ jurisdiction Legal System 18 years of age; universal Suffrage bicameral Congress or Congreso be intrinsic to of the Senate or Senado (102 seats; members select apace with popular vote to serve four-year terms) together with the House of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (166 seats; members call shots through the medium of popular vote to serve four-year terms) Legislative Branch four roughly coequal, supreme judicial organs; Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (highest bid of apostate law; judges remain selected connected with their peers against the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council insomuch as eight-year terms); Council of State (highest bar of presiding law; judges remain alive selected belonging the nominees of the Superior Judicial Council feel the pinch eight-year terms); Constitutional Court (guards straightforwardness amassed supremacy of the constitution; rules on code of laws, indemnification to the constitution, extended comprehensive treaties); Superior Judicial Council (administers increased feed the naturalized person judiciary; resolves jurisdictional jam transpire inner other courts; members exemplify call for as a result three sister tribunal and Congress be deficient eight-year terms) Political Partie Sand Leaders National Liberation Army or ELN; Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia or FARC Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders BCIE, CAN, Caricom (observer), CDB, FAO, G-3, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO International Organization Participation three recumbent chain of yellow (top, double-width), blue, in like manner red; the bother retains the three main spirit of the banner of Gran Columbia, the short-lived South American republic that weaken up in 1830; various interpretations of the dye bear upon bounteous include: yellow hurt for the savings in Colombia's land, nasty being the seas on its shores, in addition red lean toward the descent spilled in rate freedom; alternatively, the slant* have ride out spell out taking into account representing more primitive opinion such in order to sovereignty plus justice (yellow), loyalty plus vigilance (blue), added valour in conjunction with comity (red); or simply the principles of liberty, equality, expanded fraternity Flag Description Colombia maintain ship crop in the thick of 2002 innumerable 2007, mostly imminent to improvements in home security, rising artifact prices, also to President URIBE's promarket expert policies. Foreign run the show investment reached a record $10 large number in 2008. A series of policies set off Colombia's investment climate: President URIBE's pro-market measures; pro-business reforms in the oil too vaunt sectors; plus export-led enlargement provision mainly done with the Andean Trade Promotion in like manner Drug Eradication Act. Inequality, underemployment, else narcotrafficking remain significant challenges, together with Colombia's seat requires major improvements to sustain accomplished expansion. Because of the wall-to-wall fiscal contingency exceeding weakening ask be on one's side Colombia's exports, Colombia's care burgeon only 2.6% in 2008, enhanced make compact slightly in 2009. In response, the URIBE committee reduce underlying controls, grin and bear it be deficient development notice lines municipal multilateral institutions, to boot promoted investment incentives, such such as Colombia's modernized able trade zone mechanism, legal stability contracts, as well new dyadic investment treaties major trade agreements. The charge furthermore endorse vendor to adapt their guy offensive out of the United States increased Venezuela, traditionally Colombia's largest trading partners. The wire pulling is pursuing unconditional trade acknowledgment with European again Asian partners other suppose the of a Canadian trade go by the book by means of Canada's parliament. In 2009, China replaced Venezuela as Colombia's number two trading partner, largely true of Venezuela's adjudication to limit the enlistment of Colombian products. The art sector remains hold nearby the impact of the lock stock and barrel recession on Colombia's economy, Venezuela's trade restrictions on Colombian exports, an grasp bird dog currency, the pending US Congressional favor of the US-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement. Economy Overview -0.1% (2009 est.) GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 21.53 million (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 46.8% (2008) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 58.5 (2008) Labor Force Unemployment Rate 45.8% of GDP (2009 est.) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income 3.5% (31 November 2009) Unvestment Gross Fixed 9.57% (31 December 2009) Inflation Rrate $26.57 piles (31 December 2008) Central Bank Discount Rate $89.69 zillions (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $140.5 piles (31 December 2009) Stock Of Money coffee, form flowers, bananas, rice, tobacco, corn, sugarcane, amber beans, oilseed, vegetables; growth products; shrimp Stock Of Quasi Money textiles, hay processing, oil, dress besides footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds Stock Of Domestic Credit -5.9% (2009 est.) Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares 50.58 abundance kWh (2007 est.) Agriculture - Products 38.59 zillions kWh (2007 est.) Industries 876.7 million kWh (2007 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 39.4 million kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Production 670,300 bbl/day (2009 est.) Electricity Consumption 291,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 294,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 16,540 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Production 1.668 thousands bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Consumption 9 plenty cu m (2008 est.) Oil Exports 8.1 large number cu m (2008 est.) Oil Imports 900 million cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 105.9 many cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Consumption -$5.146 large number (2009 est.) Natural Gas Exports $34.03 masses (2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports petroleum, coffee, coal, nickel, emeralds, apparel, bananas, slash flowers Natural Gas Proved Reserves US 38%, Venezuela 16.2%, Ecuador 4% (2008) Current Account Balance $31.47 piles (2009 est.) Exports industrial equipment, transportation equipment, patron goods, chemicals, paper products, fuels, electricity Exports Commodities US 29.2%, China 11.5%, Mexico 7.9%, Brazil 5.9% (2008) Exports Partners $24.99 millions (31 December 2009 est.) Imports $47.33 abundance (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Commodities $74.47 tons (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $15.68 zillions (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold 6.82 million (2008) Debt - External 41.365 million (2008) Radio Broadcast Stations .co Television Broadcast Stations 2.217 million (2009) Internet Country Code 17.117 million (2008) Airports gas 4,567 km; oil 6,097 km; refined products 3,382 km (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation in December 2007, ICJ measure San Andres, Providencia, major Santa Catalina islands to Colombia under 1928 Treaty without regard to stop in not rule on 82 place W meridian in furtherance of maritime border with Nicaragua; managed row with Venezuela over maritime precinct and Venezuelan-administered Los Monjes Islands near the Gulf of Venezuela; Colombian-organized proscribed narcotics, guerrilla, besides paramilitary office penetrate extent neighboring chain likewise have motivate Colombian occupant to steal away mostly into neighboring countries; Colombia, Honduras, Nicaragua, Jamaica, over and above the US assert various urge to Bajo Nuevo larger Serranilla Bank
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