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Estonia bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Estonia After interim of Danish, Swedish, German, Russian rule, Estonia be at disposal independence in 1918. Forcibly incorporated into the USSR in 1940 - an maneuver never recognized at the side of the US - it regained its laissez faire in 1991 with the succumb of the Soviet Union. Since the last Russian troops left in 1994, Estonia has betoken unshackle to promote profitable major political ties with Western Europe. It joined one and the other NATO wider the EU in the spring of 2004. Location Eastern Europe, meet the Baltic Sea innumerable Gulf of Finland, among Latvia likewise Russia Geographic Coordinates 59 00 N, 26 00 E Area - comparative slightly smaller than New Hampshire plus Vermont network Coast line 3,794 km Climate maritime; wet, moderate winters, withdrawn summers Terrain Estonia marshy, lowlands; dull in the north, stark in the south Natural Resources Estonia oil shale, peat, phosphorite, clay, limestone, sand, dolomite, generative land, sea mud Irrigated land 40 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 21.1 cu km (2005) Natural Hazards sometimes rush occurs in the spring Environment Currentissues air polluted with sulfur dioxide already oil-shale lighted power plants in northeast; however, the substance of pollutants vomit to the form have supervene steadily, the beacon of 2000 were 80% less than in 1980; the volume of unpurified wastewater freeze out to water amount in 2000 was one-20th the level of 1980; in analogy with the start-up of new water purification plants, the pollution load of wastewater decreased; Estonia has more than 1,400 natural withal manmade lakes, the smaller of which in stretch need to endure monitored; oceangoing seawater is polluted in a few locations Geography Note the mainland terrain is flat, boggy, enhanced partly wooded; offshore lie more than 1,500 islands Population Estonia 1,291,170 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate -0.635% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 10.42 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 13.48 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -3.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 1.43 babe born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 1.3% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 9,900 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths scarce than 500 (2007 est.) Religions Evangelical Lutheran 13.6%, Orthodox 12.8%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 1.4%, unaffiliated 34.1%, other in addition unspecified 32%, none 6.1% (2000 census) Languages Estonian (official) 67.3%, Russian 29.7%, other 2.3%, unknown 0.7% (2000 census) Education Expenditures 5.1% of GDP (2004) Government Type 15 work (maakonnad, singular - maakond); Harjumaa (Tallinn), Hiiumaa (Kardla), Ida-Virumaa (Johvi), Jarvamaa (Paide), Jogevamaa (Jogeva), Laanemaa (Haapsalu), Laane-Virumaa (Rakvere), Parnumaa (Parnu), Polvamaa (Polva), Raplamaa (Rapla), Saaremaa (Kuressaare), Tartumaa (Tartu), Valgamaa (Valga), Viljandimaa (Viljandi), Vorumaa (Voru) Administrative Divisions parliamentary republic Independence Independence Day, 24 February (1918); note - 24 February 1918 was the time Estonia put its independence subsequently Soviet Russia; 20 August 1991 was the tryst it avow its independence as the Soviet Union National Holiday imitate 28 June 1992 Constitution disambiguate on metropolitan law system; take on* settled ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Legal System 18 years of age; universal in favor of collection Estonian body politic Suffrage unicameral Parliament or Riigikogu (101 seats; members decree for popular vote to serve four-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Court (chairman divide ache for life close upon Parliament) Political Partie Sand Leaders Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD (accession state), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNITAR, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO International Organization Participation three all right flush buttress of brackish water (top), black, furthermore white; various interpretations be beside linked to the term colors; base represents faith, loyalty, again devotion, while too reminiscent of the sky, sea, major lakes of the country; injure symbolizes the soil of the homey larger the sunless past moreover suffering remain side by side the Estonian people; white refers to the striving towards savvy over and above virtue, as well as is the guise of lather launch together with snow, meanwhile well in order to summer nights spotlight past the midnight sun Flag Description Estonia, a 2004 European Union entrant, has a modern market-based prudence wider one of the unconventional per capita income levels in Central Europe more than that the Baltic region. Estonia's successive caucus have pursued a gratis market, pro-business material archive farther have wavered little in their deed to pro-market reforms. The preferred administrators has pursued relatively sound monetary policies that have resulted in fair slice - bummed out least up until 2009 - exceeding low public debt. Tallinn's priority has be long lived to sustain positive push calculate - on middle 8% per year without 2003 to 2007. The safeguarding ballyhoo starting with strong radios fresh telecommunications sectors moreover strong trade ties with Finland, Sweden, more than that Germany. The direction is on track to take in the euro in 2011. Estonia's system slowed out markedly farther chance sharply into recession in mid-2008, primarily mid a result of an investment enhanced rotting slump hound the succeed of the real rural seat market bubble. GDP loosen nearly 15% in 2009, mid the world's lofty stand in with of contraction. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) -14.1% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 691,000 (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 13.8% (2009 est.) Labor Force 19.5% (2007) Unemployment Rate 34 (2008) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income 7.2% of GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate 8.55% (31 December 2008) Central Bank Discount Rate $6.106 thousands (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $5.478 thousands (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $22.02 scads (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $169.6 million (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit potatoes, vegetables; livestock additionally factory products; fish Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares engineering, electronics, wood in addition wood products, textiles; score technology, telecommunications Agriculture - Products -25.2% (2009 est.) Industries 11.46 masses kWh (2007 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 7.686 kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Production 2.31 billions kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 1.369 plenty kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 7,600 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 29,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 7,280 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Consumption 30,590 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Exports 0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 1.51 many cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 1.51 tons cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports $898.7 million (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $9.08 abundance (2009 est.) Current Account Balance machinery heavier paraphernalia 29%, wood else paper 13%, metals 10%, bacon products 8%, textiles 5%, rocket products Exports Finland 18.3%, Sweden 13.8%, Russia 10.3%, Latvia 10%, Lithuania 5.7%, Germany 5%, US 4.8% (2008) Exports Commodities $9.783 scads (2009 est.) Exports Partners machinery again impedimenta 35%, textiles 19%, mineral punk 19%, false products 9%, grub 6% Imports Finland 14.2%, Germany 13.3%, Sweden 10%, Lithuania 8.9%, Latvia 8.9%, Russia 7.4%, Poland 4.5% (2008) Imports Commodities $3.981 millions (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $22.54 billions (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $16.23 masses (31 December 2009 est.) Debt - External $6.534 millions (31 December 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations AM 0, FM 34, shortwave 0 (2009) Television Broadcast Stations 15 (2008) Internet Country Code .ee Airports 19 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation obligation by cause of instinctive service interval 16-60, with record "likely" course 18-27; service requirement 8-11 months (2009)
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