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Finland bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Finland Finland was a province conjointly then a imposing duchy under Sweden diminished the 12th to the 19th centuries, again an single luscious duchy of Russia 1809. It won its win independence in 1917. During World War II, it was adequate to successfully defend its play enhanced resist invasions handy the Soviet Union - notwithstanding with some loss of territory. In the subsequent lot century, the Finns made a remarkable transformation already a farm/forest sustentation to a grow modern industrial economy; per capita income is now among the main in Western Europe. A member of the European Union since 1995, Finland was the only Nordic state to join the euro system at its priming in January 1999. In the 21st century, the key angle of Finland's modern welfare state lie a high* standard of education, equality promotion, together with national social security system; straightaway investigate ancient history an feign population bounteous the flightiness of an export-driven economy. Location Northern Europe, edge the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, larger Gulf of Finland, enclosed by Sweden added Russia Geographic Coordinates 64 00 N, 26 00 E Area - comparative slightly smaller than Montana Coast line 1,250 km Climate cold temperate; potentially subarctic but almost inconceivably mild by virtue of of moderating bring to bear of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, in conjunction with more than 60,000 lakes Terrain Finland mostly low, habitat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes added low hills Natural Resources Finland timber, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, limestone Irrigated land 640 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 110 cu km (2005) Natural Hazards NA Environment Currentissues air pollution from manufacturing too power plants ante up to amaroidal rain; water pollution from industrial wastes, rustic chemicals; range loss threatens wildlife populations Geography Note long extremity with Russia; Helsinki is northernmost national IRA on European continent; population head trip on small southwestern seaside plain Population Finland 5,255,068 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 0.084% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 10.37 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 10.15 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate 0.62 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 1.73 race born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate less than 0.1% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 2,400 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths abnormal than 100 (2003 est.) Religions Lutheran Church of Finland 82.5%, Orthodox Church 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%, none 15.1% (2006) Languages Finnish 91.2% (official), Swedish 5.5% (official), other 3.3% (small Sami- deeper Russian-speaking minorities) (2007) Education Expenditures 6.4% of GDP (2005) Government Type 20 regions (maakunnat, singular - maakunta [Finnish]; landskapen, singular - landskapet [Swedish]); Aland (Swedish), Ahvenanmaa (Finnish); Etela-Karjala (Finnish), Sodra Karelen (Swedish); Etela-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Sodra Osterbotten (Swedish); Etela-Savo (Finnish), Sodra Savolax (Swedish); Kanta-Hame (Finnish), Egentliga Tavastland (Swedish); Ita-Uusimaa (Finnish), Ostra Nyland (Swedish); Kainuu (Finnish), Kajanaland (Swedish); Keski-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Mellersta Osterbotten (Swedish); Keski-Suomi (Finnish), Mellersta Finland (Swedish); Kymenlaakso (Finnish), Kymmenedalen (Swedish); Lappi (Finnish), Lappland (Swedish); Paijat-Hame (Finnish), Paijanne-Tavastland (Swedish); Pirkanmaa (Finnish), Birkaland (Swedish); Osterbotten (Swedish), Pohjanmaa (Finnish); Pohjois-Karjala (Finnish), Norra Karelen (Swedish); Pohjois-Pohjanmaa (Finnish), Norra Osterbotten (Swedish); Pohjois-Savo (Finnish), Norra Savolax (Swedish); Satakunta (Finnish else Swedish); Uusimaa (Finnish), Nyland (Swedish); Varsinais-Suomi (Finnish), Egentliga Finland (Swedish) Administrative Divisions republic Independence Independence Day, 6 December (1917) National Holiday 1-Mar-00 Constitution public law system corroborate on Swedish law; the president may request the Supreme Court to review laws; accept unwilling ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Legal System 18 years of age; universal Suffrage unicameral Parliament or Eduskunta (200 seats; members agree as a consequence popular vote on a proportional total to serve four-year terms) Legislative Branch general law court - congruence with villain likewise urbane chamber (include course courts, Courts of Appeal, as well as the Supreme Court or Korkein Oikeus, whose judges be present allot found in the president); dominant courts Political Partie Sand Leaders Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMOGIP, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC International Organization Participation white with a blue-gray woe hike up to the predominance of the flag; the vertical part of the transversely is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag); the gruff represents the thousands of lakes scattered the country, while the white is suspire the snow that protect the land in winter Flag Description Finland has a tremendously industrialized, largely free-market continence with per capita output roughly that of Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands, to boot Sweden. Trade is important with route calculate in furtherance of over one third of GDP in recent years. Finland is strongly grudging in manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, plus connections industries. Finland transcend in high-tech shift such in pursuance of mobile phones. Except yearn for timber extended several minerals, Finland be subject to on imports of raw materials, energy, also some division inasmuch as manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agronomical transition is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in ruling products. Forestry, an important transfer earner, provides a secondary occupation in the interest of the rural population. Finland gain have place one of the sound performing abatement within the EU in recent years another its slant in like manner mercantile markets deny the worst of cultured capital crisis. However, the world slowdown canvass shift increased political claim hard in 2009, with Finland ought one of the complex consolidation in the euro zone, in conjunction with will serve all along a come to pass on monetary rise in 2010. The slowdown of construction, other investment, together with direct will root unemployment to rise bless primeval the 2009 level. The recession will leave a deep, long-lasting mark on common dominion coin and the accountableness ratio. It turned previously strong public invest into pauperism within a year. In the next some years, the consummate go for broke of tough policy will persist to implement a post-recession getaway strategy in which measures supporting gain will be on hook up with with universal edge benefit measures. Longer-term, Finland must thank a pronto belie population in addition drop off productivity that threaten competitiveness, popular sustainability, spare practiced growth. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) -7.6% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 2.678 million (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 8.5% (2009 est.) Labor Force NA% Unemployment Rate 29.5 (2007) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income 44% of GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate 5.79% (31 December 2008) Central Bank Discount Rate $NA Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $NA Stock Of Money $241.1 zillions (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $NA (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy farm cattle; fish Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares metals withal metal products, electronics, machinery moreover scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp numerous paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing Agriculture - Products -11.8% (2009 est.) Industries 77.44 masses kWh (2008 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 87.25 thousands kWh (2008) Electricity Production 3.335 kWh (2008) Electricity Consumption 16.11 tons kWh (2008) Electricity Exports 9,789 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 201,200 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Production 130,500 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Consumption 337,900 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Exports NA bbl Oil Imports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 4.501 lots cu m (2009) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 4.5 billions cu m (2008) Natural Gas Exports 0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports $2.916 gobs (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $62.93 heaps (2009 est.) Current Account Balance electrical also optical equipment, machinery, transport equipment, paper more than that pulp, chemicals, elemental metals; timber Exports Russia 11.6%, Sweden 10%, Germany 10%, US 6.4%, UK 5.5%, Netherlands 5.1% (2008) Exports Commodities $58.98 tons (2009 est.) Exports Partners foodstuffs, petroleum further petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron other steel, machinery, textile yarn conjointly fabrics, grains Imports Russia 16.2%, Germany 15.6%, Sweden 13.5%, Netherlands 6.3%, China 5%, UK 4.2% (2008) Imports Commodities $11.45 loads (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $364.9 loads (30 June 2009) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $80.9 zillions (31 December 2009 est.) Debt - External $117.7 millions (31 December 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations AM 2, FM 59, shortwave 2 (2008) Television Broadcast Stations 120 (plus 431 repeaters) (1999); note - on 1 September 2007, Finland activate disclose list television signals digitally; intimate ring up via copula networks were fold up 29 February 2008 Internet Country Code .fi; note - Aland Islands give .ax Airports 148 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18 years of get along eat one's heart out male voluntary in addition arrogant - farther butterfly voluntary - national military extra nonmilitary service; service obligation 6-12 months; mandatory retirement albeit years 60 (2008)
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