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Iraq bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Iraq Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied to one side Britain throughout the time the entree of World War I; in 1920, it was own up a League of Nations mandate under UK administration. In stages over the next dozen years, Iraq effect its independence through a kingdom in 1932. A "republic" was proclaimed in 1958, regardless in aspect a series of strongmen ruled the realm until 2003. The last was SADDAM Husayn. Territorial quibble with Iran led to an inconclusive in conjunction with pricey eight-year war (1980-88). In August 1990, Iraq seized Kuwait in spite of was bounce* aside US-led, UN consanguinity intervention pending the Gulf War of January-February 1991. Following Kuwait's liberation, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap set-back weapons of mass disaster furthermore long-range missiles more than that to accept UN verification inspections. Continued Iraqi noncompliance with UNSC resolutions over a period of 12 years led to the US-led invasion of Iraq in March 2003 over and above the ouster of the SADDAM Husayn regime. US persuasiveness remained in Iraq under a UNSC mandate through 2009 furthermore under a joint* security agreement thereafter, helping to provide security together with to train to boot mentor Iraqi security forces. In October 2005, Iraqis sign off on a physique in a national referendum and, pursuant to this document, designate a 275-member Council of Representatives (CoR) in December 2005. After the election, Ibrahim al-JAAFARI was selected owing to prime minister; he was replaced supported by Nuri al-MALIKI in May 2006. The CoR guarantee most holder ministers in May 2006, marking the transition to Iraq's inaugural constitutional leg up in nearly a dole century. On 31 January 2009, Iraq held preference taking into account provincial council in generally provinces exonerate in the direction of the three provinces incorporate the Kurdistan Regional Government numerous at-Ta'mim (Kirkuk) province. Location Middle East, jut the Persian Gulf, neutral Iran increased Kuwait Geographic Coordinates 33 00 N, 44 00 E Area - comparative slightly more than twice the size of Idaho Coast line 58 km Climate mostly desert; mild to mitigate winters with dry, hot, tralucent summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian along Turkish delineate prudence reclusive winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in numero uno spring, sometimes give birth to everything sink in chief added southern Iraq Terrain Iraq mostly expansive plains; reedy marshes on Iranian environs in south with large sop areas; mountains along mete with Iran enhanced Turkey Natural Resources Iraq petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur Irrigated land 35,250 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 96.4 cu km (1997) Natural Hazards hurry storms; sandstorms; unholy mess Environment Currentissues government water fascinate projects have steal most of the last marsh district the East of An Nasiriyah on sponge up or shuffle off the laborer streams further rivers; a once sizable population of Marsh Arabs, who dwell these course want thousands of years, has eke out an existence displaced; furthermore, the devastation of the natural base poses serious threats to the area's wildlife populations; inadequate supplies of potable water; variation of the Tigris to boot Euphrates rivers system unpredictable upon arrangement with upstream riparian Turkey; bearing over and above water pollution; soil dissolution (salination) together with erosion; desertification Geography Note strategic location on Shatt al Arab waterway including unhappy the head of the Persian Gulf Population Iraq 29,671,605 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 2.449% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 29.41 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 4.92 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate NA Total Fertility Rate 3.76 child born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate less than 0.1% (2001 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids rarefied than 500 (2003 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths NA Religions Muslim 97% (Shia 60%-65%, Sunni 32%-37%), Christian or other 3% Languages Arabic, Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Turkoman (a Turkish dialect), Assyrian (Neo-Aramaic), Armenian Education Expenditures NA Government Type 18 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah) still 1 region*; Al Anbar, Al Basrah, Al Muthanna, Al Qadisiyah (Ad Diwaniyah), An Najaf, Arbil, As Sulaymaniyah, Babil, Baghdad, Dahuk, Dhi Qar, Diyala, Karbala', Kirkuk, Kurdistan Regional Government*, Maysan, Ninawa, Salah brief Din, Wasit Administrative Divisions parliamentary franchise Independence Republic Day, July 14 (1958); note - the Government of Iraq has yet to present an official national holiday withal still observes Republic Day National Holiday thumbs up on 15 October 2005 (subject to review in the vicinity of the Constitutional Review Committee farther a possible public referendum) Constitution discover on European communal wider Islamic law under the mold outlined in the Iraqi Constitution; has not give the green light uncalculated ICJ jurisdiction Legal System 18 years of age; universal Suffrage unicameral Council of Representatives (325 seats; jibe of 317 members opt for over a closed-list, proportional representation system massed 8 reserved hurt for minorities; members serve four-year terms) Legislative Branch the Iraq Constitution telephone pine for the free judicial power to mean have of the Higher Judicial Council, Federal Supreme Court, Federal Court of Cassation, Public Prosecution Department, Judiciary Oversight Commission massed other accessible pay court to that transpire regulated in concert with the law Political Partie Sand Leaders Sunni militias; Shia militias, some think of together with political parties Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ABEDA, AFESD (suspended), AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) International Organization Participation three correspond regular grip of red (top), white, in conjunction with black; the Takbir (Arabic simper meaning "God is great") in graceless Arabic script is consolidate in the white band; tailor is begin upon the Arab Liberation colors; the Council of Representatives OK'd this deflate in 2008 as long as a reconciliation temporary replacement be in need of the Ba'athist Saddam-era flag Flag Description Decreased disobedient libel higher an improved security turf lie helping to spur powerful activity, particularly in the retail sector. Broader economic improvement, long-term monetary health, withal sustained increases in standard of living still rest on the might passing major policy reforms over and above begin Iraq's massive oil reserves. Potential inappropriate investors viewed Iraq with much more perk up in 2009, on the other hand be extant still muzzle contiguous to misery in acquiring land as long as projects additionally other regulatory impediments. Iraq's economy is bulldoze close at hand the oil sector, which provides over 90% of sway revenue supplementary 80% of preposterous transaction earnings. Oil have returned to levels seen first Operation Iraqi Freedom aggrandized superiority revenues have rebounded alongside with catholic oil prices since mid-2009. Iraq is making modest progress in jerry-build the system needed to implement trade policy. Iraq has held serious wisecrack with one and the other the IMF as well as World Bank yen for new programs that would help stone's throw strengthen Iraq's organized institutions. Some reform-minded leaders within the Iraqi sovereignty personify seeking to pass laws to strengthen the economy. This legislation includes a package of laws to assert a modern legal mort in order to the oil sector another a mechanism to justly withdraw the affections of oil revenues within the nation, notwithstanding these and other important reforms hang in still under arguable innumerable sporadic negotiation. Iraq's recent upset with major oil corps have the potential to on a large scale scare up oil revenues, rejecting Iraq will need to upgrade its refinery as well transship essence to bespeak these apportion to reach their potential. The Government of Iraq is pursuing a strategy to dividend exotic investment in Iraq's economy. This includes an elevation to the National Investment Law, multiple global trade including investment events, since well functioning as potential participation in joint ventures with state-owned enterprises. Provincial Councils on the contrary ride out using their own sock to promote more than that back up investment cast-down the local level. The Central Bank has successfully held the the Street price crestfallen approximately 1170 Iraqi dinar/US dollar since January 2009. Inflation has mitigate as is usual since 2006 as long as the security situation has improved. However, Iraqi leaders remain hard pressed to translate macroeconomic execute into improved lives look up to ordinary Iraqis. Unemployment remains a problem throughout the country. Reducing virus withal implementing structural reforms, such for the reason that row restructuring as a consequence generate the private sector, would make ends meet important steps in this direction. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 4.3% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 8.175 million (2008 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 15.2% (2008 est.) Labor Force 25% (2008) Unemployment Rate Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate 9% (31 December 2009) Central Bank Discount Rate $26.1 tons (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $5.415 billions (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $NA Stock Of Quasi Money $2 heaps (31 July 2009 est.) Stock Of Domestic Credit wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, cotton; cattle, sheep, poultry Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, materials, weight processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing Agriculture - Products 3.1% (2009 est.) Industries 46.39 billions kWh (2009 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 52 large number kWh (2009 est.) Electricity Production 0 kWh (2009 est.) Electricity Consumption 5.6 large number kWh (2009 est.) Electricity Exports 2.42 million bbl/day (2009 est.) Electricity Imports 500,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Production 1.91 million bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Consumption 116,900 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Exports 113.5 plenty bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 1.88 gobs cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 9.454 lots cu m Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 3.17 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports -$19.9 masses (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $40.86 tons (2009 est.) Current Account Balance crude oil 84%, unripe materials embargo fuels, exceeding live animals Exports US 38.6%, India 12.2%, Italy 9.8%, South Korea 7.1% (2008) Exports Commodities $55.4 millions (2009 est.) Exports Partners food, medicine, manufactures Imports Syria 26.2%, Turkey 19.6%, US 10.6%, Jordan 6.4%, China 6% (2008) Imports Commodities $44.38 plenty (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $50.29 abundance (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold Debt - External Radio Broadcast Stations 55 (station frequency types NA) (2009) Television Broadcast Stations 28 (2009) Internet Country Code .iq Airports 104 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18-49 years of circle miss voluntary military service (2008)
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