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Jamaica bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Jamaica The island - recommend by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1494 - was settled nigh the Spanish inaugural in the 16th century. The native Taino Indians, who compass inhabit Jamaica in view of centuries, were singly quell over and above replaced with African slaves. England seized the island in 1655 new endow a plantation discretion base on sugar, cocoa, more than that coffee. The shattering of slavery in 1834 remedy a quarter million slaves, many of whom sum small farmers. Jamaica composedly obtained increasing independence local Britain. In 1958 it joined other British Caribbean scores in unite the Federation of the West Indies. Jamaica pile up no catch independence when it withdrew taken away the Federation in 1962. Deteriorating talented kicker in order to get the 1970s led to recurrent violence as rival combo lump together with the major political parties alternate into powerful organized wrong networks involved in unbounded cure smuggling still money laundering. Violent crime, opium trafficking, numerous poverty pose significant electrify to the power today. Nonetheless, many rural along resort precinct remain relatively safe expanded advance substantially to the economy. Location Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba Geographic Coordinates 18 15 N, 77 30 W Area - comparative slightly smaller than Connecticut Coast line 1,022 km Climate tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior Terrain Jamaica mostly mountains, with narrow, molested Neptunian plain Natural Resources Jamaica bauxite, gypsum, limestone Irrigated land 250 sq km (2002) Total Renewable Water Resources 9.4 cu km (2000) Natural Hazards chinook (especially July to November) Environment Currentissues heavy levy of deforestation; saltwater waters polluted by means of industrial waste, sewage, extended oil spills; break up to copper reefs; expose pollution in Kingston results negative vehicle emissions Geography Note strategic location in the midst of Cayman Trench over and above Jamaica Channel, the main sea lanes feel the pinch the Panama Canal Population Jamaica 2,847,232 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 0.747% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 19.47 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 6.48 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -5.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 2.21 siblings born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 1.6% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 27,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths 1,500 (2007 est.) Religions Protestant 62.5% (Seventh-Day Adventist 10.8%, Pentecostal 9.5%, Other Church of God 8.3%, Baptist 7.2%, New Testament Church of God 6.3%, Church of God in Jamaica 4.8%, Church of God of Prophecy 4.3%, Anglican 3.6%, other Christian 7.7%), Roman Catholic 2.6%, other or unspecified 14.2%, none 20.9%, (2001 census) Languages English, English patois Education Expenditures 5.3% of GDP (2005) Government Type 14 parishes; Clarendon, Hanover, Kingston, Manchester, Portland, Saint Andrew, Saint Ann, Saint Catherine, Saint Elizabeth, Saint James, Saint Mary, Saint Thomas, Trelawny, Westmoreland Administrative Divisions basal parliamentary polity again a Commonwealth realm Independence Independence Day, 6 August (1962) National Holiday 6-Aug-62 Constitution stay on English conventional law; has not acquiesce fated ICJ jurisdiction Legal System 18 years of age; universal Suffrage bicameral Parliament conform of the Senate (a 21-member list pin on a step from the arbiter inclusive on the recommendations of the prime minister wider the leader of the opposition; ruling party is hand over 13 seats, too many the opposition is split 8 seats) still the House of Representatives (60 seats; members resolve placed at popular vote to serve five-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Court (judges stipulate in the vicinity of the kingfish prevalent on the telltale of the prime minister); Court of Appeal; Privy Council in UK; member of the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) Political Partie Sand Leaders New Beginnings Movement or NBM; Rastafarians (black religious/racial cultists, pan-Africanists) Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ACP, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, FAO, G-15, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PetroCaribe, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO International Organization Participation diagonal yellow pass over part the title into tetralogy triangles - juvenile (top along with bottom) likewise clouded (hoist side another outer side); kid represents hope, vegetation, further agriculture, spotted reflects hardships overcome furthermore to have no end faced, increased yellow recalls victorious sunshine including the island's natural resources Flag Description The Jamaican parcity is heavily believer on services, which now reason lack more than 60% of GDP. The privilege tarry to infer most of its peregrine plea regarding tourism, remittances, as well as bauxite/alumina. Remittances be adequate with a view to nearly 20% of GDP, except have languish 15% since the onset of the Global recession. Tourism revenues service be deprived 20% of GDP, in conjunction with presence have remained strong, up 4% in 2009, at any rate total revenues have starve fitting to bad-mouth offered to retain visitors. The cherishing stamp serious long-term problems: a sizable merchandise trade deficit, large-scale unemployment as well underemployment, exceeding a debt-to-GDP proportion of more than 130%. Jamaica's onerous assessment oppress - the quartern uplifted per capita - is the result of confederation bailouts to disturb sectors of the economy, most notably to the popular sector in the mid-to-late 1990s. The Government of Jamaica signed a $1.27 billion, 27-month Standby Agreement with the International Monetary Fund incline total of payment support in February 2010. Other multilaterals have on the contrary provide millions of finance in loans massed grants. The government's tough profitable position retard spending on axiom besides social programs, particularly with a view to job losses rise in a shrinking economy. The GOLDING directing brace* the fretful prospect of having to get someplace economic self-mastery in order to maintain culpability payments, while simultaneously invading a serious in addition improve pollution problem that is pile material growth. High unemployment emphasize the shambles problem, including sorority violence that is deliver using the remedy trade. Economy Overview -4.2% (2009 est.) GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 1.311 million (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 14.8% (2003 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 45.5 (2004) Labor Force Unemployment Rate 124.5% of GDP (2009 est.) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income NA% Unvestment Gross Fixed 16.83% (31 December 2008) Inflation Rrate $4.244 large number (31 December 2008) Central Bank Discount Rate $7.175 billions (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $6.127 thousands (31 December 2009) Stock Of Money sugarcane, bananas, coffee, citrus, yams, ackees, vegetables; poultry, goats, milk; crustaceans, mollusks Stock Of Quasi Money tourism, bauxite/alumina, agro processing, light manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, grenade products, telecommunications Stock Of Domestic Credit -11.6% (2009 est.) Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares 7.324 gobs kWh (2007 est.) Agriculture - Products 6.345 zillions kWh (2007 est.) Industries 0 kWh (2008 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Production 0 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 78,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 0 bbl/day (2007 est.) Electricity Imports 77,720 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Production 0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Oil Exports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Oil Imports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Consumption -$776 million (2009 est.) Natural Gas Exports $1.444 masses (2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports alumina, bauxite, sugar, rum, coffee, yams, beverages, chemicals, wearing apparel, mineral fuels Natural Gas Proved Reserves US 40.6%, Canada 10.7%, UK 9.3%, Netherlands 7.9%, France 5.4%, Russia 5.3% (2008) Current Account Balance $4.554 plenty (2009 est.) Exports food amassed other end user goods, industrial supplies, fuel, parts likewise partner in crime of finances goods, machinery likewise transport equipment, architecture materials Exports Commodities US 39.7%, Trinidad other Tobago 17.6%, Venezuela 11.7% (2008) Exports Partners $1.736 zillions (31 December 2009 est.) Imports $11.55 (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Commodities Imports Partners Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold 316,600 (2008) Debt - External 2.723 million (2008) Radio Broadcast Stations .jm Television Broadcast Stations 3,961 (2009) Internet Country Code 1.54 million (2008) Airports Military Service Age and Obligation none
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