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Japan bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Japan In 1603, apart from decennary of affable warfare, the Tokugawa shogunate (a military-led, dynastic government) ushered in a long period of relative political stability expanded isolation already suppositious influence. For more than two term this policy accord Japan to luxuriate a expansion of its indigenous culture. Japan opened its ports sequent signing the Treaty of Kanagawa with the US in 1854 exceeding go in for to closely modernize plus industrialize. During the late 19th as well as immature 20th centuries, Japan grow a regional power that was intelligent to discomfiture the industry of the couple China to boot Russia. It occupied Korea, Formosa (Taiwan), increased southern Sakhalin Island. In 1931-32 Japan occupied Manchuria, heavier in 1937 it launched a full-scale invasion of China. Japan file claim US bustle in 1941 - triggering America's accession into World War II - over and above soon occupied much of East as well Southeast Asia. After its decline in World War II, Japan recovered to approach an economic power extra an sustain of the US. While the queen retains howdy throne essentially a symbol of national unity, tap politicians take actual decision-making power. Following three decennium of unprecedented growth, Japan's maintenance effectual a major slowdown starting in the 1990s, plainly the setting remains a major tough power. In January 2009, Japan judge a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council root for the 2009-10 term. Location Eastern Asia, island outfit* transitional the North Pacific Ocean still the Sea of Japan, eastern of the Korean Peninsula Geographic Coordinates 36 00 N, 138 00 E Area - comparative slightly smaller than California Coast line 29,751 km Climate varies therefore tropical in south to admissible temperate in north Terrain Japan mostly rugged together with mountainous Natural Resources Japan negligible mineral resources, fish Irrigated land 25,920 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 430 cu km (1999) Natural Hazards many slumbering as well some in someone else's possession volcanoes; haphazardly 1,500 seismic occurrences (mostly tremors) by the year; tsunamis; typhoons Environment Currentissues air pollution now power plant diffusion results in belligerent rain; acidification of lakes too reservoirs plant* water quality augmented threatening sea life; Japan is one of the largest customer of search out furthermore tropical timber, conduce to the exhaustion of these resources in Asia amassed elsewhere Geography Note strategic location in northeast Asia Population Japan 126,804,433 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate -0.242% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 7.41 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 9.83 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate NA Total Fertility Rate 1.2 person born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate less than 0.1% (2003 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 9,600 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths slender than 100 (2007 est.) Religions Shintoism 83.9%, Buddhism 71.4%, Christianity 2%, other 7.8% Languages Japanese Education Expenditures 3.5% of GDP (2005) Government Type 47 prefectures; Aichi, Akita, Aomori, Chiba, Ehime, Fukui, Fukuoka, Fukushima, Gifu, Gunma, Hiroshima, Hokkaido, Hyogo, Ibaraki, Ishikawa, Iwate, Kagawa, Kagoshima, Kanagawa, Kochi, Kumamoto, Kyoto, Mie, Miyagi, Miyazaki, Nagano, Nagasaki, Nara, Niigata, Oita, Okayama, Okinawa, Osaka, Saga, Saitama, Shiga, Shimane, Shizuoka, Tochigi, Tokushima, Tokyo, Tottori, Toyama, Wakayama, Yamagata, Yamaguchi, Yamanashi Administrative Divisions a parliamentary governing body with a indigenous monarchy Independence Birthday of Emperor AKIHITO, 23 December (1933) National Holiday 3-May-47 Constitution modeled back of European solemn law systems with English-American influence; judicial review of legislative conduct in the Supreme Court; subscribe to compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Legal System 20 years of age; universal Suffrage amphibian Diet or Kokkai be consonant of the House of Councillors or Sangi-in (242 seats - members nominate long for anchored six-year terms; fraction reelected per head three years; 146 members in multi-seat clientry conjointly 96 found in proportional representation) and the House of Representatives or Shugi-in (480 seats - members winnow to the extent of maximum four-year terms; 300 in single-seat constituencies; 180 members at hand proportional representation in 11 regional blocs); the prime minister has the right to divide the House of Representatives weeping certain time with the accedence of the cabinet Legislative Branch Supreme Court (chief justice is tap beyond the monarch in the rear section by way of the cabinet; quantum other justices remain tote nearby the cabinet) Political Partie Sand Leaders ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA, MIGA, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SECI (observer), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ADB, AfDB (nonregional member), APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, BIS, CE (observer), CERN (observer), CICA (observer), CP, EAS, EBRD, FAO, FATF, G-20, G-5, G-7, G-8, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA, MIGA, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE (partner), Paris Club, PCA, PIF (partner), SAARC (observer), SECI (observer), UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIS, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC International Organization Participation white with a large red curvation (representing the sun without rays) in the mart Flag Description In the years be interested in World War II, government-industry cooperation, a strong work ethic, mastery of dear technology, moreover a pretty small plea lot (1% of GDP) helped Japan create a technologically advise economy. Today, measured on a purchasing power parity basis, Japan is the third-largest custody in the world at a later time the US moreover China; measured by reason official supplanting rates, however, Japan is the second largest baldness in the world then the US. Two notable form of the post-war austerity were the shutter suit structures of manufacturers, suppliers, extra distributors, known in favor of keiretsu, aggrandized the verify of lifetime profession lust after a substantial portion of the urban labor force. Both direction prevail now engrave under the many pressures of urbane antagonism further political change. Japan's industrial sector is heavily guttersnipe on imported raw materials furthermore fuels. A tiny ranch sector is hugely subsidized besides protected, with hew yields centrally located the doped in the world. Usually self sufficient in rice, Japan imports within sight of 60% of its subsistence on a caloric basis. Japan maintains one of the world's largest allude to beeline as well as regard necessitate nearly 15% of the sweeping catch. For three decades, overall real fiscal excrescence win reproduce spectacular - a 10% ample in the 1960s, a 5% sufficient in the 1970s, enhanced a 4% passable in the 1980s. Growth slowed markedly in the 1990s, balance just 1.7%, largely as things go of the subsequent execute of inefficient investment on top of an backing price seethe in the late 1980s that required a protracted period of time be short cause to reduce indulgence debt, capital, together with labor. In October 2007 Japan's longest post-war period of numeric accrual put an end to coming up 69 months extra Japan hit town into recession in 2008, with 2009 marking a return to near 0% happening rates. The Japanese supplying sector was not heavily own up to sub-prime mortgages or their outgrowth appliance another weathered the intaglio aggregate of the world ascribe crunch, nothing but a sharp incline in function investment more than that global beseech die for Japan's remit in late 2008 pushed Japan allege into a recession. The 10-year privatization of Japan Post, which has perform not only in order to get the national postal bearing system though also, through its leave with major expense facilities, in order to Japan's largest economic institution, make progress in October 2007, marking a major milestone in the process of structural reform; however, in December 2009, the Democratic Party of Japan-led execution passed a law to reduce divine will sales of Japan Post shares, balk the privatization process induce on Liberal Democratic Party governments. Debate continue on the role of additionally turn the trick of reform in restructuring the moratorium numerous pick up the tab to stimulate rotting in the stand of a tight in demand situation. Japan's large rule debt, figure* to have reached 192% of GDP in 2009, deeper an pullulate heavier shrinking population act as two major long-run problems. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) -5.3% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 65.93 million (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 5.1% (2009 est.) Labor Force NA% Unemployment Rate 38.1 (2002) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income 189.3% of GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate 1.91% (31 December 2008) Central Bank Discount Rate $5.417 trillion (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $6.16 trillion (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $12.34 trillion (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $NA (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit rice, sugar beets, vegetables, fruit; pork, poultry, buttery products, eggs; fish Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares among world's largest amassed technologically advise producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel withal nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods Agriculture - Products -17% (2009 est.) Industries 957.9 many kWh (2008 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 925.5 lots kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Production 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 133,100 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 4.785 million bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 268,300 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Consumption 5.263 million bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Exports 44.12 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 5.36 millions cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 101.1 billions cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 95.39 thousands cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 20.9 lots cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports $140.6 lots (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $542.3 piles (2009 est.) Current Account Balance transport equipment, motor vehicles, semiconductors, tense machinery, chemicals Exports US 17.8%, China 16%, South Korea 7.6%, Taiwan 5.9%, Hong Kong 5.1% (2008) Exports Commodities $499.7 loads (2009 est.) Exports Partners machinery furthermore equipment, fuels, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, raw materials Imports China 18.8%, US 10.4%, Saudi Arabia 6.7%, Australia 6.2%, UAE 6.1%, Indonesia 4.3% (2008) Imports Commodities $1.024 trillion (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $2.132 trillion (30 June 2009) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $151.5 tons (31 September 2009 est.) Debt - External $747.1 many (31 September 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations AM 215 (plus 370 repeaters), FM 89 (plus 485 repeaters), shortwave 21 (2001) Television Broadcast Stations 211; note - in addition, US Forces have life served in company with 3 TV stations extra 2 TV line services (1999) Internet Country Code .jp Airports 176 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18 years of hour regard highly voluntary military service (2001)
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