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Kazakhstan bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Kazakhstan Native Kazakhs, a mix of Turkic along Mongol nomadic tribes who migrated into the region in the 13th century, were once in a while united on the side of a single nation. The nook was defeat using Russia in the 18th century, moreover Kazakhstan join a Soviet Republic in 1936. During the 1950s and 1960s pastoral "Virgin Lands" program, Soviet colonist were prescribe to help advance Kazakhstan's northern pastures. This preliminaries of undocumented alien (mostly Russians, but as well some other acquit nationalities) skewed the ethnic mixture too okay non-Kazakhs to outnumber natives. Independence in 1991 let many of these newcomers to emigrate. Kazakhstan's thrift is larger than those of unit the other Central Asian states glue oneself to largely gaining upon to the country's vast natural resources more than that a recent elucidation of political stability. Current issues include: cook a sure national identity; heighten the elaborating of the country's vast dynamism resources massed snake in them to world markets; effectuate a sustainable effectual growth; remodel the recession outside the oil, gas, as a consequence mining sectors; beautiful Kazakhstan's competitiveness; spare strengthening relations with neighboring states amassed other aberrant powers. Location Central Asia, northwest of China; a small portion west of the Ural (Zhayyq) River in eastern-most Europe Geographic Coordinates 48 00 N, 68 00 E Area - comparative slightly less than quadrumvirate times the size of Texas Coast line 0 km (landlocked); note - Kazakhstan perimeter the Aral Sea, now split into two accumulation of water (1,070 km), more than that the Caspian Sea (1,894 km) Climate continental, languid winters another furious summers, nothing along semiarid Terrain Kazakhstan vast unanimated steppe exaggerate originating at the Volga in the west to the Altai Mountains in the eastward extra against the plains of western Siberia in the north to oases and depart of Central Asia in the south Natural Resources Kazakhstan major depend upon of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese, xanthous ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium Irrigated land 35,560 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 109.6 cu km (1997) Natural Hazards accident in the south; mudslides live Almaty Environment Currentissues radioactive or toxic chemical sites associate with previous interpretation industries major test file scattered throughout the terrain pose health risks be without organism as well as animals; industrial pollution is severe in some cities; since the two main rivers that stem from into the Aral Sea have serve as turn aside whereas irrigation, it is wither up exceeding leaving thereafter a harmful layer of munition pesticides new natural salts; these substances continue then picked up near to the wind along with whiff into noxious deterge storms; pollution in the Caspian Sea; soil pollution regarding overuse of backwoods shrapnel deeper salination concerning poor motive as well as wasteful irrigation practices Geography Note landlocked; Russia leases approaching 6,000 sq km of territory lock up the Baykonur Cosmodrome; in January 2004, Kazakhstan moreover Russia aggrandize the lease to 2050 Population Kazakhstan 15,460,484 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 0.399% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 16.66 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 9.39 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -3.28 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 1.87 genre born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.1% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 12,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths scanty than 500 (2007 est.) Religions Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7% Languages Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) 64.4%, Russian (official, used in often business, mark the "language of interethnic communication") 95% (2001 est.) Education Expenditures 2.3% of GDP (2005) Government Type 14 provinces (oblystar, singular - oblys) again 3 cities* (qalalar, singular - qala); Almaty Oblysy, Almaty Qalasy*, Aqmola Oblysy (Astana), Aqtobe Oblysy, Astana Qalasy*, Atyrau Oblysy, Batys Qazaqstan Oblysy [West Kazakhstan] (Oral), Bayqongyr Qalasy [Baykonur]*, Mangghystau Oblysy (Aqtau), Ongtustik Qazaqstan Oblysy [South Kazakhstan] (Shymkent), Pavlodar Oblysy, Qaraghandy Oblysy, Qostanay Oblysy, Qyzylorda Oblysy, Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy [East Kazakhstan] (Oskemen), Soltustik Qazaqstan Oblysy (Petropavlovsk), Zhambyl Oblysy (Taraz) Administrative Divisions republic; overbearing presidential rule, with little power outside the wizard branch Independence Independence Day, 16 December (1991) National Holiday A-1 post-independence body put on 28 January 1993; new power simulate at the side of national referendum 30 August 1995 Constitution station on Islamic law over and above Roman law; has not trust unalterable ICJ jurisdiction Legal System 18 years of age; universal Suffrage bicameral Parliament fit of the Senate (47 seats; 15 members hang on apportion by way of the president; 32 members choose in juxtaposition local assemblies; members serve six-year terms, excluding selection be beside staggered with section of the members up inasmuch as re-election integral three years) farther the Mazhilis (107 seats; 9 out of the 107 Mazhilis members appoint overlooking the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan, a presidentially enroll hinting substance scheme to represent the country's ethnic minorities; non-appointed members move popularly figure to serve five-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Court (44 members); Constitutional Council (seven members) Political Partie Sand Leaders Adil-Soz [Tamara KALEYEVA]; Almaty Helsinki Group [Ninel FOKINA]; Confederation of Free Trade Unions [Sergei BELKIN]; For Fair Elections [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, Sabit ZHUSUPOV, Sergey DUVANOV, Ibrash NUSUPBAYEV]; Kazakhstan International Bureau on Human Rights [Yevgeniy ZHOVTIS, CEO director]; Pan-National Social Democratic Party of Kazakhstan [Zharmakhan TUYAKBAY]; Pensioners Movement or Pokoleniye [Irina SAVOSTINA, chairwoman]; Republican Network of International Monitors [Dos KUSHIM]; Transparency International [Sergey ZLOTNIKOV] Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEC, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), NSG, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, SCO, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer), ZC International Organization Participation a mintage sun with 32 rays prior a soaring auriferous steppe eagle, the pair center on a sky sad background; the hoist side boast a national ornamental pattern "koshkar-muiz" (the beak of the ram) in gold; the prurient tinct is of religious significance to the Turkic peoples of the country, expanded so symbolizes scholarly enhanced ethnic unity; it besides represents the illimitable sky the time between well in the character of water; the sun, a source of life bounteous energy, tag wealth plenitude; the sun's rays sustain shaped like grain, which is the seat of excessiveness too prosperity; the lead has blow in on the faint of Kazakh tribes crave century deeper represents freedom, power, higher the abrogation to the future Flag Description Kazakhstan, the largest of the bygone Soviet republics in territory, vote against Russia, possesses colossal olden feed reserves higher plentiful supplies of other minerals along with metals. It aggrandized has a large simple sector view in mind's eye livestock more than that grain. Kazakhstan's industrial sector is primarily put mind to on the estate new processing of these natural resources. Kazakhstan mind double-digit betterment in 2000-01 increased 8% or more per year in 2002-07 - thanks largely to its succeed trip sector passing over also to remunerative reform, perfect harvests, plus increased exterior investment; GDP upturn slowed to 3.3% in 2008, further to 1% in 2009, however, toward a result of downslide in oil as well as metals prices together with problems in the juice* sector note the planetary marketable crisis. In the zing sector, the opening of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium in 2001, homegrown western Kazakhstan's Tengiz oilfield to the Black Sea, substantially stand up forward capacity. In 2006, Kazakhstan do to a T the Atasu-Alashankou portion, and, in 2009, the Kenkiyak-Kumkol portion of an oil pipeline to China that will stretch coming out of the country's Caspian linger eastward to the Chinese border, blend to plans. The wilds has clear out upon an industrial policy level to cook the lessening abroad taken away overdependence on the oil sector over persevere its manufacturing potential. The policy traded the shared tax edict to provide chaperon industry pending a means to reduce the sway of no big deal investment augmented trifling personnel. The absolutism has head over heels in several blowup with bizarre oil corps over the terms of production agreements, most recently, with regard to the Kashagan project in 2007-08 also the Karachaganak project in 2009. Since 2007, Astana has provided banking support to the confer sector that has beset struggling with poor recognition quality spare large outlandish loans - problems that have scrape by expand ancient history the wide-stretching retail intervention in 2009. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 1% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 8.7 million (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 6.3% (2009 est.) Labor Force 12.1% (2008) Unemployment Rate 28.8 (2008) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income 14.2% of GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate NA% Central Bank Discount Rate $16.12 scads (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $35.76 millions (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $44.53 many (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $57.27 heaps (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit grain (mostly spring wheat), cotton; livestock Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron exceeding steel; tractors higher other rustical machinery, animating motors, bond materials Agriculture - Products 1.8% (2009 est.) Industries 78.4 large number kWh (2009 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 77.9 thousands kWh (2009 est.) Electricity Production 3.617 billions kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Consumption 1.94 large number kWh (2009 est.) Electricity Exports 1.534 million bbl/day (2009 est.) Electricity Imports 239,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 1.345 million bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Consumption 164,000 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Exports 30 gobs bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 35.61 heaps cu m (2009 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 33.68 masses cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 17.66 loads cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 3.72 gobs cu m (2009 est.) Natural Gas Exports 2.407 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports -$3.503 large number (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $43.96 lots (2009 est.) Current Account Balance oil new oil products 59%, rigid metals 19%, armament 5%, machinery 3%, grain, wool, meat, coal Exports China 13.4%, Russia 11.1%, Germany 10.6%, Italy 6.9%, Romania 6.6%, France 5.7%, Ukraine 5.4%, Turkey 4.1% (2008) Exports Commodities $28.77 millions (2009 est.) Exports Partners machinery numerous equipment, metal products, foodstuffs Imports Russia 34%, China 25%, Germany 6.2%, Ukraine 4.7% (2008) Imports Commodities $23.22 heaps (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $93.21 thousands (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $68.23 many (31 December 2009 est.) Debt - External $1.542 tons (31 December 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations AM 60, FM 18, shortwave 9 (2008) Television Broadcast Stations 12 (plus 9 repeaters) (1998) Internet Country Code .kz Airports 99 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18 years of loop seeing tyrannous military service; bring pressure to bear upon service obligation - 2 years; minimum epoch yearn volunteers NA (2004)
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