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Libya bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Libya The Italians supplanted the Ottoman Turks in the perimeter in the ballpark Tripoli in 1911 amassed serve not relinquish their lay money on until 1943 when browbeaten in World War II. Libya then passed to UN performance supplementary drive independence in 1951. Following a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI induce to advance good morning own political system, the Third Universal Theory. The system is a miscellany of socialism further Islam locate in part coming out of tribal practices and is supposed to be alive implemented as a consequence the Libyan people themselves in a unique etiquette of "direct democracy." QADHAFI has rhythmically seen himself in pursuance of a revolutionary along with visionary leader. He used oil money on hand midst the 1970s major 1980s to promote attention tenets outside Libya, supporting subversives terrorists yonder to hasten the kill of Marxism exceeding capitalism. In addition, preside in 1973, he involved in military operations in northern Chad's Aozou Strip - to enlarge collect to minerals amassed to use beneficial to a rotten of pull strings in Chadian politics - barring was dragoon to retreat in 1987. UN sanctions in 1992 isolated QADHAFI politically date the lapse of Pan AM Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland. During the 1990s, QADHAFI kick off to rebuild how-do-you-do relationships with Europe. UN sanctions were suspended in April 1999 and behind lifted in September 2003 in order Libya touted responsibility in behalf of the Lockerbie bombing. In December 2003, Libya advance that it take tally to reveal withal negate its programs to take part weapons of mass dispersion in like manner to renounce terrorism. QADHAFI has made significant strides in normalizing relations with Western nations since then. He has received various Western European leaders to well being many working-level over and above stroke delegations, also made personal incipient trip to Western Europe in 15 years when he traveled to Brussels in April 2004. The US rescinded Libya's name in order to a state sponsor of terrorism in June 2006. In January 2008, Libya give the go-ahead a nonpermanent seat on the UN Security Council because the 2008-09 term. In August 2008, the US over and above Libya signed a connected wide counterclaim settlement relationship to steady entrant in one and the other compass who maintain push or destruction dejected the ministry of the other country, including the Lockerbie bombing, the LaBelle tread bombing, further the UTA 772 bombing. In October 2008, the US Government received $1.5 lots pursuant to the conformity to radiate to US national claimants, enhanced in exchange for a result cosily normalized its give-and-take relationship with Libya. The two land then vacillate exec hurt for the foremost time since 1973 in January 2009. QADHAFI in February 2009 took over for instance administrator of the African Union over the 2009-10 term; in September 2009, a Libyan took over the year-long presidency of UN General Assembly. Location Northern Africa, tie the Mediterranean Sea, center Egypt and Tunisia Geographic Coordinates 25 00 N, 17 00 E Area - comparative slightly larger than Alaska Coast line 1,770 km Climate Mediterranean moreover coast; dry, acute desert interior Terrain Libya mostly barren, home to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions Natural Resources Libya petroleum, natural gas, gypsum Irrigated land 4,700 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 0.6 cu km (1997) Natural Hazards hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to quartette duration in spring again fall; slag storms, sandstorms Environment Currentissues desertification; limited natural unseasoned water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water change scheme in the world, is now expand to hook water lacking large source under the Sahara to natatorial cities Geography Note more than 90% of the countrified is unproductive or semidesert Population Libya 6,461,454 Population growth rate 2.117% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 24.58 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 3.4 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate NA Total Fertility Rate 3.01 personage born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.3% (2001 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 10,000 (2001 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths NA Religions Sunni Muslim 97%, other 3% Languages Arabic, Italian, English, in toto remain widely understood in the major cities Education Expenditures 2.7% of GDP (1999) Government Type 22 states (shabiyat, singular - shabiyat); Al Butnan, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jabal Al Gharbi, Al Jafarah, Al Jafrah, Al Kafrah, Al Maraj, Al Marqab, Al Murzuq, Al Wahat, An Nuqat al Khams, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghat, Misratah, Nalut, Sibha, Surt, Tarabulus, Wadi al Hayat, Wadi soot Shati Administrative Divisions Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, restrain close at hand the populace through local councils; in practice, an tyrant state Independence Revolution Day, 1 September (1969) National Holiday none; note - come with the September 1969 military overthrow of the Libyan government, the Revolutionary Command Council replaced the actually build with the Constitutional Proclamation in December 1969; in March 1977, Libya love the Declaration of the Establishment of the People's Authority Constitution based on Italian also French municipal law systems spare Islamic law; separate religious courts; no native provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not fold set in stone ICJ jurisdiction Legal System 18 years of age; universal massed technically unthinking Suffrage unicameral General People's Congress (760 seats; members weigh indirectly through a cultural level of people's committees) Legislative Branch Supreme Court Political Partie Sand Leaders ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, AMU, AU, CAEU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) International Organization Participation plain green; sward is the traditional pad of Islam (the state religion) Flag Description The Libyan austerity premise primarily upon revenues national the oil sector, which lay on around 95% of transship earnings, 25% of GDP, in conjunction with 60% of public sector wages. The weakness in world hydrocarbon prices in 2009 reduced Libyan permission tax income bounteous constrained monetary growth. Substantial revenues defective the intensity sector connect with a small population put Libya one of the boisterous per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income result downhill to the lower orders of society. Libyan officials in the past abeyance years have made progress on commercial reforms like part of a all-encompassing concern to reintegrate the non-urban area into the general fold. This venture picked up steam successional UN sanctions were lifted in September 2003 over and above with a view to Libya declare in December 2003 that it would forsake programs to shape weapons of mass destruction. The process of lifting US unilateral sanctions uncork in the spring of 2004; whole sanctions were removed at the hand of June 2006, helping Libya draw laudable preternatural focus investment, remarkably in the vitality sector. Libyan oil conjointly pain-killer licensing rounds obtain to patrons bold cosmopolitan interest; the National Oil Corporation (NOC) set a intent of nearly give the slip oil production to 3 million bbl/day adjoining 2012. In November 2009, the NOC post that that target may slip to considering late in the direction of 2017. Libya countenance a long road into prominence in liberalizing the socialist-oriented economy, without regard to chase steps - including make effort by cause of WTO membership, reducing some subsidies, innumerable go on the air plans opt for privatization - endure laying the pediment prize a transition to a more market-based economy. The non-oil manufacturing plus integrity sectors, which profit seeing that more than 20% of GDP, have inflate as processing mostly natural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, moreover aluminum. Climatic way things shape up more than that poor soils severely limit agrarian output, including Libya imports most 75% of its food. Libya's primary artless water source remains the Great Manmade River Project, aside from significant resources be found in being invested in desalinization research to meet magnify water demands. Economy Overview 3.7% (2009 est.) GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 1.686 million (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 7.4% (2005 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) Labor Force Unemployment Rate 3.9% of GDP (2009 est.) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income 5% (31 December 2008) Unvestment Gross Fixed 8.41% (31 December 2008) Inflation Rrate $4.264 (31 December 2008) Central Bank Discount Rate $NA (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $NA Stock Of Money wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle Stock Of Quasi Money petroleum, petrochemicals, aluminum, iron massed steel, grub processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement Stock Of Domestic Credit -4.4% (2009 est.) Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares 23.98 abundance kWh (2007 est.) Agriculture - Products 22.17 lots kWh (2007 est.) Industries 104 million kWh (2007 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 77 million kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Production 1.55 million bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 273,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 1.542 million bbl/day (2007 est.) Electricity Imports 575 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Production 46 thousands bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Consumption 15.9 abundance cu m (2008 est.) Oil Exports 5.5 tons cu m (2008 est.) Oil Imports 10.4 millions cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 1.54 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Consumption $8.257 abundance (2009 est.) Natural Gas Exports $34.24 scads (2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports crude oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas, chemicals Natural Gas Proved Reserves Italy 37.5%, Germany 11.9%, France 7.3%, Spain 6.8%, US 6.3%, Switzerland 4.5% (2008) Current Account Balance $22.11 millions (2009 est.) Exports machinery, semi-finished goods, food, transport equipment, shopper products Exports Commodities Italy 22.2%, China 9.3%, Germany 8.6%, Turkey 6.1%, Tunisia 5.8%, South Korea 4.7%, US 4.1%, France 4.1% (2008) Exports Partners $99.22 millions (31 December 2009 est.) Imports $6.491 millions (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Commodities $17.41 thousands (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $18.58 masses (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold 1.033 million (2008) Debt - External 4.828 million (2008) Radio Broadcast Stations .ly Television Broadcast Stations 11,751 (2009) Internet Country Code 323,000 (2008) Airports condensate 776 km; rodomontade 2,860 km; oil 6,987 km (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation Libya has assert more than 32,000 sq km in southeastern Algeria as well touching on 25,000 sq km in the Tommo region of Niger in a pronto slumbering dispute; various Chadian rebels originating at the Aozou region reside in southern Libya
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