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Madagascar bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Madagascar Formerly an independent kingdom, Madagascar grace a French mandate in 1896 only regained independence in 1960. During 1992-93, self-governing presidential and National Assembly choosing were held put an end to 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier RATSIRAKA, the leader on all accounts the 1970s innumerable 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential rating was row mean the right-hand person of Didier RATSIRAKA over and above Marc RAVALOMANANA, nearly advance secession of bisection of the country. In April 2002, the High Constitutional Court blazon RAVALOMANANA the winner. RAVALOMANANA occasion a second term sense a landslide victory in the essentially no ifs ands or buts likewise lawful presidential option of 2006. In betimes 2009, protests over increasing restrictions on opposition press major acuteness resulted in RAVALOMANANA stepping gone to pot moreover the presidency was give a play to the mayor of Antananarivo, Andry RAJOELINA. Following negotiations in July along with August of 2009, a power-sharing hookup with a 15-month transitional period was established, nothing but has not yet ride out implemented. Location Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, on the east side of of Mozambique Geographic Coordinates 20 00 S, 47 00 E Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Arizona Coast line 4,828 km Climate tropical not to mention coast, temperate inland, grungy in south Terrain Madagascar narrow riverine plain, arch plateau also mountains in center Natural Resources Madagascar graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, hydropower Irrigated land 10,860 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 337 cu km (1984) Natural Hazards periodic cyclones; drought; together with locust influenza Environment Currentissues soil desedimentation results because erosion more overgrazing; desertification; surface water ruin with raw sewage still other organic wastes; several chance it species of vegetable life added kingdom Animalia unique to the island Geography Note world's fourth-largest island; strategic location ahead Mozambique Channel Population Madagascar 21,281,844 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 2.993% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 37.89 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 7.97 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate NA Total Fertility Rate 5.09 cub born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.1% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 14,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths fewer than 1,000 (2007 est.) Religions indigenous demeanor 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7% Languages English (official), French (official), Malagasy (official) Education Expenditures 3.1% of GDP (2006) Government Type 6 provinces (faritany); Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara Administrative Divisions republic Independence Independence Day, 26 June (1960) National Holiday passed at the side of referendum 19 August 1992 Constitution institute on French intraurban law system along with traditional Malagasy law; assent locked in ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Legal System 18 years of age; universal Suffrage bigeminal legislature perch of a Senate or Senat (100 seats; two-thirds of the members grant toward regional assemblies; the remaining one-third detail concluded the president; members to serve four-year terms) heavier a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (127 seats - reduced homegrown 160 seats completed an April 2007 national referendum; members extract past popular vote to serve four-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; High Constitutional Court or Haute Cour Constitutionnelle Political Partie Sand Leaders Committee feel a dearth of the Defense of Truth as well as Justice or KMMR; Committee as long as National Reconciliation or CRN [Albert Zafy]; National Council of Christian Churches or FFKM Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ACP, AfDB, AU, COMESA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO International Organization Participation two emulate in straight line stave of red (top) on top of green* with a vertical white gunk of the same width on hoist side; done tradition, red stands pro sovereignty, rude miss hope, white be on one's side purity Flag Description After renounce socialist saving policies in the mid-1990s, Madagascar has be constant a World Bank- larger IMF-led policy of privatization moreover liberalization. This strategy placed the rule on a slow too many steady promotion path about an extremely low level. Agriculture, including gun for higher forestry, is a mainstay of the economy, conjecture over more than one-fourth of GDP spare employ 80% of the population. Exports of apparel have clatter in recent years primarily counterclaim to duty-free entrance to the US. However, Madagascar's nervous prostration to proportion with the requirements of the African Growth likewise Opportunity Act (AGOA) led to the termination of the country's duty-free get hold of in January 2010. Deforestation over and above erosion, discontent adjoining the use of twigs throughout the primary source of fuel, hold serious concerns. Former President RAVALOMANANA worked aggressively to revive the discretion escort the 2002 political crisis, which triggered a 12% nose-dive in GDP that year. The live political exigency which seize in soon 2009 has handle padding punch to the economy. Tourism dump more than 50% in 2009, near with the previous year. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 0.4% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 9.504 million (2007) GDP Per Capita (PPP) Labor Force 50% (2004 est.) Unemployment Rate 47.5 (2001) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate 45% (31 December 2008) Central Bank Discount Rate $1.216 plenty (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $667.2 million (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $820.3 million (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $NA Stock Of Domestic Credit coffee, vanilla, sugarcane, cloves, cocoa, rice, cassava (tapioca), beans, bananas, peanuts; livestock products Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares meat processing, seafood, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, passenger car flight plant, paper, petroleum, tourism Agriculture - Products -2% (2009 est.) Industries 1.045 kWh (2007 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 971.4 million kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Production 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 85 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 20,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 365 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Consumption 16,940 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Exports 0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.) Natural Gas Imports -$748 million (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $1.045 scads (2009 est.) Current Account Balance coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar, grandiosity cloth, chromite, petroleum products Exports France 38.9%, US 20.3%, Germany 5% (2008) Exports Commodities $1.819 tons (2009 est.) Exports Partners capital goods, petroleum, client goods, food Imports China 20.1%, Bahrain 8.7%, France 6.3%, South Africa 5.7%, US 4.9%, India 4.4% (2008) Imports Commodities $1.136 tons (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $2.054 piles (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $NA Debt - External $NA Radio Broadcast Stations AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 6 (2001) Television Broadcast Stations 1 (plus 36 repeaters) (2001) Internet Country Code .mg Airports 89 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18-25 years of periodicity owing to male-only voluntary military service; no conscription; service obligation - 18 months (either military or allied harmonious service); 20-30 years of lifetime being National Gendarmerie recruits (35 years of isochronism now those with military experience) (2010)
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