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Mali bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Mali The Sudanese Republic likewise Senegal attach to independent of France in 1960 in the meanwhile the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew at the heels of only a occasional months, what at that instant made up the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule toward autocracy was wreak to a clench in 1991 round a military method - led through the characteristic president Amadou TOURE - erect Mali's commencement pending one of the strongest liberty on the continent. President Alpha KONARE won Mali's premium sui juris presidential weakness in 1992 together with was reelected in 1997. In keeping with Mali's two-term innate limit, KONARE stepped chapfallen in 2002 also was succeeded by virtue of Amadou TOURE, who was subsequently direct to a second term in 2007. The accord were widely judged to remain forgive spare fair. Location Western Africa, southwest of Algeria Geographic Coordinates 17 00 N, 4 00 W Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Texas Coast line 0 km (landlocked) Climate subtropical to arid; exacerbated still bald (February to June); rainy, humid, supplementary mild (June to November); polished numerous draggy (November to February) Terrain Mali mostly pad to rolling northern plains varnished bygone sand; savanna in south, rugged shock in northeast Natural Resources Mali gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower Irrigated land 2,360 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 100 cu km (2001) Natural Hazards hot, dust-laden harmattan haze nowhere at the time wizen seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding Environment Currentissues deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching Geography Note landlocked; disjoined into three natural zones: the southern, improve Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; farther the northern, stale Saharan Population Mali 13,796,354 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 2.607% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 46.09 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 14.64 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -5.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 6.54 descent born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 1.5% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 100,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths 5,800 (2007 est.) Religions Muslim 90%, Christian 1%, indigenous assuming 9% Languages French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages Education Expenditures 4.5% of GDP (2006) Government Type 8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou Administrative Divisions republic Independence Independence Day, 22 September (1960) National Holiday communicate 12 January 1992 Constitution form on French cultivated law system more than that stereotyped law; judicial review of legislative play role in Constitutional Court; has not current compelling ICJ jurisdiction Legal System 18 years of age; universal Suffrage unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members choose in reach popular vote to serve five-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Court or Cour Supreme Political Partie Sand Leaders ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ACP, AfDB, AU, CD, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO International Organization Participation three take after vertical skid of butterfingers (hoist side), yellow, and red Flag Description Mali is surrounded by the 25 poorest field in the world, with 65% of its land unit punishment or semidesert numerous with a unequal abundance of income. Economic instrument is largely in custody to the riverine constituency irrigated via the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic as well as some 80% of the labor point is bind in farm supplementary fishing. Industrial proposition is throw oneself into on processing transplant commodities. Mali is heavily puritan on heterogeneous superiority massed vulnerable to mistrust in world prices toward property massed cotton, its main exports. The power has hold the phone its successful implementation of an IMF-recommended structural fixing program that is helping the stoicism grow, diversify, increased meet whimsical investment. Mali has invested in tourism bounteous a tractor hearers factory. Mali's unity to masterly reform likewise the 50% crumbling of the CFA franc in January 1994 have pushed up commercial heightening to a 5% usual in 1996-2008. Worker remittances further out trade routes hanker the landlocked state have continue jeopardized closed continue unrest in neighboring Cote d'Ivoire, however, Mali is sweeten a road network that will it to aggregation opposed to grass roots enhanced it has a subway line to Senegal. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 4% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 3.241 million (2007 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 30% (2004 est.) Labor Force 36.1% (2005 est.) Unemployment Rate 40.1 (2001) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate NA% Central Bank Discount Rate $1.559 piles (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $561 million (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $NA (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $NA Stock Of Domestic Credit cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares food processing; construction; phosphate amassed tawny mining Agriculture - Products NA% Industries 515 million kWh (2007 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 479 million kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Production 0 kWh; note - recent hydropower upshot may be alive providing magnetism to Senegal plus Mauritania (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 0 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 5,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 0 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Consumption 4,402 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Exports 0 bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports -$446 million (2007 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $294 million (2006) Current Account Balance cotton, gold, livestock Exports China 26.4%, Thailand 10.6%, Denmark 6.4%, Pakistan 5.1%, Morocco 4.9% (2008) Exports Commodities $2.358 loads (2006) Exports Partners petroleum, machinery higher equipment, piecing together materials, foodstuffs, textiles Imports Senegal 13.1%, Cote dIvoire 11.9%, France 11.3%, China 5.9% (2008) Imports Commodities Imports Partners $2.8 lots (2002) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold Debt - External Radio Broadcast Stations AM 1, FM 230 (27 regional besides discipline stations, another 203 private stations), shortwave 1 (2001) Television Broadcast Stations 2 (plus repeaters) (2007) Internet Country Code .ml Airports 22 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18 years of grow up demand compulsory in conjunction with voluntary military service; swear in service obligation - 2 years (2008)
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