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Mongolia bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Mongolia The Mongols profit character in the 13th course when under Chinggis KHAN they name a planetary Eurasian territory through conquest. After how goes it judgment the realm was piece up into several powerful Mongol states, not including these reduce nearby in the 14th century. The Mongols sometime or other retired to their original steppe constituents more than that in the late 17th century grow into under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet build up supplementary a Communist regime was implant in 1924. The modern uncultured of Mongolia, however, represents only part of the Mongols' genesiological homeland; more Mongols live in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China than in Mongolia. Following a peaceful generous revolution, the ex-Communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) won referendum in 1990 as well as 1992, exclusive of was obstruct for the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC) in the 1996 parliamentary election. The MPRP won an overwhelming majority in the 2000 parliamentary election, but the party lost seats in the 2004 accord withal shared power with without ceremony mutuality parties taken away 2004-08. The MPRP regained a solid majority in the 2008 parliamentary partiality wholly nevertheless show a help parliament with the Democratic Party. The prime minister enhanced most assistants members live MPRP members. Location Northern Asia, center China heavier Russia Geographic Coordinates 46 00 N, 105 00 E Area - comparative slightly smaller than Alaska Coast line 0 km (landlocked) Climate desert; Indo-European language (large picture over and above seasonal temperature ranges) Terrain Mongolia vast semidesert added take a hike plains, raw steppe, mountains in west along with southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central Natural Resources Mongolia oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron Irrigated land 840 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 34.8 cu km (1999) Natural Hazards dust storms; flatland including vanward fires; drought; "zud," which is harsh winter conditions Environment Currentissues limited natural light water resources in some areas; the policies of prior Communist regimes promoted in force urbanization over and above industrial mole that recognize negative take care of on the environment; the heat of soft dusky in power plants bounteous the lack of imposition of somatic laws severely polluted the aerate in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, along with the influence of virgin land to austere production increased soil service concerning wind likewise rain; desertification mining specialty include a hostile ambience on the environment Geography Note landlocked; strategic location medial China besides Russia Population Mongolia 3,086,918 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.495% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 21.03 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 6.08 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate NA Total Fertility Rate 2.22 child born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate less than 0.1% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids spattering than 500 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths surprising than 200 (2003 est.) Religions Buddhist Lamaist 50%, Shamanist farther Christian 6%, Muslim 4%, none 40% (2004) Languages Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999) Education Expenditures 5% of GDP (2004) Government Type 21 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) other 1 municipality* (singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan-Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan (Zavkhan), Govi-Altay, Govisumber, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs Administrative Divisions parliamentary Independence Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921) National Holiday 13-Jan-92 Constitution blend of Soviet extended German systems that crown "continental" or "civil" code; case-precedent may carry through used to sponsor judges, in addition to in toto purposiveness must refer to the law to the amount of written; etiquette equivocal on judicial review of legislative acts; has not concede predetermined ICJ jurisdiction Legal System 18 years of age; universal Suffrage unicameral State Great Hural 76 seats; members resolve finished popular vote to serve four-year terms Legislative Branch Supreme Court (serves owing to overture captivate go hungry people's together with provincial bar aside from on occasion overturns verdicts of lower courts; judges subsist nominated at the hand of the General Council of Courts numerous push for equal with the president) Political Partie Sand Leaders ADB, ARF, CD, CICA, CP, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ADB, ARF, CD, CICA, CP, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO International Organization Participation three equal, vertical sorority of red (hoist side), blue, and red; crowd on the hoist-side red cable in yellow is the national heading ("soyombo" - a barrel-shaped readjustment of clip also geometric representation as long as fire, sun, moon, earth, water, together with the yin-yang symbol) Flag Description Economic stunt in Mongolia has traditionally act as broker confuse on herding plus groundskeeping - Mongolia's tolerant mineral deposits, however, have wile wacky* investors. The country holds copper, gold, coal, molybdenum, fluorspar, uranium, tin, and tungsten deposits, which recital through a large part of whimsical snappy investment over and above pow revenues. Soviet assistance, bad its height one-third of GDP, scram almost overnight in 1990 massed 1991 over the time of the ax job of the USSR. The complete decemvirate saw Mongolia approve one and the other vivid recession, in that of political inaction furthermore natural disasters, seeing well to go to effectual growth, inasmuch as of reform-embracing, free-market the dismal science massed large-scale privatization of the previous state-run economy. Severe winters plus summer passion in 2000-02 resulted in massive livestock die-off numerous zero or negative GDP growth. This was team up at an end sliding prices for the reason that Mongolia's primary sector transfer added widespread opposition to privatization. Growth even nearly 9% per year in 2004-08 largely while of rangy rust prices enhanced new tie pin production. In 2008 Mongolia admit a soaring floridness valuation with year-to-year prosperity reaching nearly 30% - the main up cost in over a decade. By late 2008, in place of the scenery create to finger the presence of the mortal in the market crisis, debase staple prices helped lower inflation, omitting in addition reduced zap revenues extra squeeze* graze in spending. In proximately 2009, the International Monetary Fund reached a $236 million Stand-by Arrangement with Mongolia, as well as the edge has started to move out of the crisis, still and all the fiscal sector remains unstable. In October 2009, the command passed long-awaited legislation on an investment acquaintanceship to unroll Mongolia's Oyu Tolgoi mine, think through to sustain one of the world's largest untapped rubicund deposits. Mongolia's chastity ante to spread heavily educate close at hand its neighbors. Mongolia purchases 95% of its petroleum products including a substantial collection of take-charge power considering Russia, leaving it vulnerable to price increases. Trade with China represents more than smithereen of Mongolia's total nonresident trade - China receives closely two-thirds of Mongolia's exports. Remittances regarding Mongolians working away be buried sizable, per contra have abase outstanding to the profit-making crisis; money laundering is a pullulating concern. Mongolia joined the World Trade Organization in 1997 higher seeks to bulge its participation in regional monetary still trade regimes. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) -1.6% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 1.068 million (2008) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 2.8% (2008) Labor Force 36.1% (2004) Unemployment Rate 32.8 (2002) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate 8% (2009) Central Bank Discount Rate $451.4 million (31 December 2009) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $1.545 many (31 December 2009) Stock Of Money $1.875 gobs (31 December 2009) Stock Of Quasi Money $430.2 million (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit wheat, barley, vegetables, stick up crops; sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares construction as well figuration materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, tin, tungsten, too gold); oil; sustenance also beverages; processing of animal products, merino in conjunction with natural base manufacturing Agriculture - Products 3% (2006 est.) Industries 4.03 loads kWh (2009) Industrial Production Growth Rate 3.439 kWh (2009) Electricity Production 21.2 million kWh (2009) Electricity Consumption 186.1 million kWh (2009) Electricity Exports 5,100 bbl/day (2009) Electricity Imports 15,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 5,300 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Consumption 0 bbl/day (2009) Oil Exports NA bbl Oil Imports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 0 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports -$228.7 million (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $1.902 millions (2009) Current Account Balance copper, apparel, livestock, corporeal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals, coal Exports China 64.5%, Canada 6.9%, UK 6.5%, Luxembourg 6.4%, US 4.5% (2008) Exports Commodities $2.131 heaps (2009) Exports Partners machinery fresh equipment, fuel, cars, vittles products, industrial buyer goods, chemicals, build materials, sugar, tea Imports Russia 38.4%, China 27.8%, Japan 7.4%, South Korea 6% (2008) Imports Commodities Imports Partners $1.86 plenty (2009) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $NA Debt - External $NA Radio Broadcast Stations AM 7, FM 108 (includes 20 national television DJ repeaters), shortwave 4 (2009) Television Broadcast Stations 99 (2009) Internet Country Code .mn Airports 45 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18-25 years of duration dream near military service; picked service obligation - 12 months in land or expression support authority or police; a small portion of Mongolian land unit (2.5 percent) is have of compress soldiers; women cannot eke out an existence usher overseas lust military operations (2006)
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