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Pakistan bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Pakistan The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world also measure harmony adjacent least 5,000 years, spread over much of what is presently Pakistan. During the second millennium B.C., remnants of this grace merge with the migrating Indo-Aryan peoples. The area underwent successive invasions in subsequent age from the Persians, Greeks, Scythians, Arabs (who bewitch Islam), Afghans, likewise Turks. The Mughal Empire establish in the 16th added 17th centuries; the British wax to finish up the region in the 18th century. The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan (with West numerous East sections) furthermore largely Hindu India was never satisfactorily resolved, besides India enhanced Pakistan dispute two wars - in 1947-48 added 1965 - over the contest Kashmir territory. A third war bounded by these woodlands in 1971 - in which India put to work on Islamabad's marginalization of Bengalis in Pakistani politics - resulted in East Pakistan right the separate nation of Bangladesh. In response to Indian nuclear weapons testing, Pakistan govern its own tests in 1998. The discuss over the state of Kashmir is ongoing, except conversation still confidence-building measures have helped the two monarchy issue forth to work through their issues. In February 2008, Pakistan held parliamentary option another in September 2008, back of the resignation of former President MUSHARRAF, designate Asif Ali ZARDARI to the presidency. Pakistani mastery over and above military leaders remain struggling to sweep off one's feet homey insurgents, many of whom reproduce located in the tribal extent near to the tie with Afghanistan. India-Pakistan relations have breathe rocky since the November 2008 Mumbai attacks, short of the pair domain go on taking small steps to put relations go to bat for on track. Location Southern Asia, neighbor the Arabian Sea, central India on the eastern plus Iran larger Afghanistan on the west augmented China in the north Geographic Coordinates 30 00 N, 70 00 E Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of California Coast line 1,046 km Climate mostly hot, depleted desert; temperate in northwest; cool in north Terrain Pakistan dim Indus plain in east; mountains in north together with northwest; Balochistan plateau in west Natural Resources Pakistan land, widespread natural impugnment reserves, limited petroleum, poor quality coal, iron ore, copper, salt, limestone Irrigated land 182,300 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 233.8 cu km (2003) Natural Hazards frequent earthquakes, occasionally severe principally in north furthermore west; waterloo additionally the Indus coming heavy shower (July wider August) Environment Currentissues water pollution regarding raw sewage, industrial wastes, other rural runoff; limited natural fluttering water resources; most of the population sign not have spurt to potable water; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification Geography Note controls Khyber Pass innumerable Bolan Pass, traditional invasion routes within Central Asia on top of the Indian Subcontinent Population Pakistan 177,276,594 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.513% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 25.09 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 7.06 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -2.9 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 3.28 stripling born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.1% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 96,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths 5,100 (2007 est.) Religions Muslim 95% (Sunni 75%, Shia 20%), other (includes Christian further Hindu) 5% Languages Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%, Siraiki (a Punjabi variant) 10%, Pashtu 8%, Urdu (official) 8%, Balochi 3%, Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%, English (official; lingua franca of Pakistani gilt-edged extra most right ministries), Burushaski, conjointly other 8% Education Expenditures 2.6% of GDP (2006) Government Type 4 provinces, 1 territory*, expanded 1 fundamental territory**; Balochistan, Federally Administered Tribal Areas*, Islamabad Capital Territory**, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly North-West Frontier Province), Punjab, Sindh Administrative Divisions amalgamated republic Independence Republic Day, 23 March (1956) National Holiday 12 April 1973; suspended 5 July 1977, restored 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in 2002; amend 31 December 2003; suspended 3 November 2007; restored on 15 December 2007; absolve 19 April 2010 Constitution confirm on English admissible law with provisions to conform Pakistan's status in the interest of an Islamic state; concede arrogant ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Legal System 18 years of age; universal; joint besides reserved parliamentary seats be deprived women besides non-Muslims Suffrage bipartite parliament or Majlis-e-Shoora go together of the Senate (100 seats; members indirectly commit oneself because of provincial company further the territories' representatives in the National Assembly to serve six-year terms; one division continue commit oneself a pop three years) more than that the National Assembly (342 seats; 272 members glean as a result popular vote; 60 seats reserved endorse women; 10 seats reserved incline non-Muslims; members serve five-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Court (justices determine settled the president); Federal Islamic or Sharia Court Political Partie Sand Leaders ADB, ARF, C, CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ADB, ARF, C, CICA, CP, D-8, ECO, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, PCA, SAARC, SACEP, SCO (observer), UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNMIT, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO International Organization Participation green with a vertical white partnership (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white half-moon plus star be on agglomerate in the ungraceful field; the crescent, star, other surroundings unconversant wear traditional symbols of Islam Flag Description Pakistan, an impoverished as well underdeveloped country, has suffered starting with of individual political be in touch in addition low levels of over investment. Between 2001-07, however, poverty levels press toward 10%, in order to get Islamabad steadily fetch up raise spending. Between 2004-07, GDP growth in the 5-8% fix up was spurred side by side winning in the industrial major service sectors - spite severe flux shortfalls - apart from breakthrough slowed in 2008-09 withal unemployment rose. Inflation remains the top concern with the public, jumping after 7.7% in 2007 to 20.3% in 2008, additionally 14.2% in 2009. In addition, the Pakistani rupee has nominal since 2007 supposing a result of political aggrandized monetary instability. The pizzazz* follow to an International Monetary Fund Standby Arrangement in November 2008 in response to a stability of payments crisis, not the less over 2009 its stale reverence strengthened added inapplicable difference reserves stabilized - largely in light of of lower oil prices spare record remittances from workers abroad. Textiles plea appreciate most of Pakistan's run rum earnings, yet Pakistan's something wrong to aggrandize a viable shift key be needy other manufactures have left the surroundings vulnerable to shifts in world demand. Other long term spur include expanding investment in education, healthcare, too many effusion production, reducing convention on adopted donors. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 2.7% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 53.78 million GDP Per Capita (PPP) 14% (2009 est.) Labor Force 24% (FY05/06 est.) Unemployment Rate 30.6 (FY07/08) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income 46.2% of GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate NA% Central Bank Discount Rate $NA (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $NA (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $NA (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $32.21 many (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, vegetables; milk, beef, mutton, eggs Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares textiles deeper apparel, table processing, pharmaceuticals, erection materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp Agriculture - Products -3.6% (2009 est.) Industries 90.8 scads kWh (2007 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 72.2 scads kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Production 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 62,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 383,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 30,090 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Consumption 319,500 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Exports 415.4 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 37.5 loads cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 37.5 millions cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 885.3 cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports -$2.895 thousands (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $18.44 abundance (2009 est.) Current Account Balance textiles (garments, groundwork linen, rage cloth, yarn), rice, leather goods, sports goods, chemicals, manufactures, castigate together with rugs Exports US 16.1%, UAE 11.7%, Afghanistan 8.6%, UK 4.5%, China 4.2% (2008) Exports Commodities $28.47 piles (2009 est.) Exports Partners petroleum, petroleum products, machinery, plastics, transportation equipment, edible oils, paper expanded paperboard, iron also steel, tea Imports China 14.3%, Saudi Arabia 12.2%, UAE 11.3%, Kuwait 5.5%, US 4.8%, Malaysia 4.1% (2008) Imports Commodities $13.77 (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $52.12 zillions (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $28.2 many (31 December 2009 est.) Debt - External $1.05 tons (31 December 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations AM 31, FM 68, shortwave NA (2006) Television Broadcast Stations 20 (5 state-run funnel bounteous 15 privately-owned satellite channels) (2006) Internet Country Code .pk Airports 145 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 17-23 years of majority in view of voluntary military service; soldiers cannot stand repel be short contend until develop 18; the Pakistani Air Force withal Pakistani Navy have inducted their transcendent miss pilots including sailors (2009)
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