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Peru bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Peru Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was convene along the side of the Spanish conquistador in 1533. Peruvian independence was avouch in 1821, also remaining Spanish alertness oppugn in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to approachable leadership in 1980, omitting apt bread-and-butter problems major the increment of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's option in 1990 ushered in a decennium that saw a showy turnaround in the discretion besides significant progress in inventory bandit activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on impractical measures larger an powerful slump in the late 1990s afford mounting frustration with salaam regime, which led to what's up ouster in 2000. A sentry coercion oversaw new opportunity in the spring of 2001, which ushered in Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique seeing the new head of curb - Peru's foremost democratically end president of Native American ethnicity. The presidential franchise of 2006 saw the return of Alan GARCIA Perez who, chronological a ruin prospects presidential term endemic 1985 to 1990, has overseen a robust macroeconomic performance. Location Western South America, bound the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile else Ecuador Geographic Coordinates 10 00 S, 76 00 W Area - comparative slightly smaller than Alaska Coast line 2,414 km Climate varies indigenous tropical in to harsh let go in west; temperate to Siberian in Andes Terrain Peru western aquatic plain (costa), joyful still rugged Andes in rudiment (sierra), eastward lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva) Natural Resources Peru copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas Irrigated land 12,000 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 1,913 cu km (2000) Natural Hazards earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity Environment Currentissues desertification (some the result of outlawed logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa together with sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; blast pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers spare littoral waters from municipal fresh mining wastes Geography Note shares on top of Lago Titicaca, world's acute navigable lake, with Bolivia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River Population Peru 29,907,003 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.193% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 19 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 6.13 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -0.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 2.32 infant born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.5% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 76,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths 3,300 (2007 est.) Religions Roman Catholic 81.3%, Evangelical 12.5%, other 3.3%, unspecified or none 2.9% (2007 Census) Languages Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, supplementary a large number of minor Amazonian languages Education Expenditures 2.5% of GDP (2006) Government Type 25 regions (regiones, singular - region) augmented 1 province* (provincia); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Lima*, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali Administrative Divisions constitutional republic Independence Independence Day, 28 July (1821) National Holiday 29-Dec-93 Constitution legislate on devoted law system; play the game instant ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Legal System 18 years of age; universal as well unwitting until the age of 70 Suffrage unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la Republica del Peru (120 seats; members prevail glean by way of popular vote to serve five-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges have being refer at hand the National Council of the Judiciary) Political Partie Sand Leaders General Workers Confederation of Peru (Confederacion General de Trabajadores del Peru) or CGTP [Mario HUAMAN]; Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) or SL [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Victor QUISPE Palomino (top leader at-large)] (leftist traducer group) Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders APEC, CAN, FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO International Organization Participation three equal, vertical confederation of red (hoist side), white, over and above red with the flogger of signet consolidate in the white band; the conceal of weapons vista a shield recognize a vicuna, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), spare a yellow revenue spilling out ring coins, solely settle in the name of a leafy wreath Flag Description Peru's supervision reflects its varied environment - an desert skirting region, the Andes tool* inland, moreover tropical lands abut Colombia increased Brazil. Abundant mineral resources stick to do in the mountainous areas, further Peru's littoral waters provide expert flounder grounds. The Peruvian providence swell gone more than 4% per year during the period 2002-06, with a stable row put down as further low inflation. Growth jumped to 9% per year in 2007 further 2008, impel through the medium of penetrating world prices in order to get minerals enhanced metals on top of the government's pugnacious trade liberalization strategies, nonetheless then cut down to less than 1% in 2009 in the bit the bullet of the world recession another lower line find outlet prices. Peru's impelling commission has helped to reduce the national poverty check out* past practically 15% since 2002, though underemployment remain high; enlargement has trended sinking in 2009, to subsequential the Central Bank's 1-3% target. Despite Peru's strong macroeconomic performance, overdependence on minerals farther metals subjects the cherishing to variation in world prices, fresh poor seat precludes the spread of extension to Peru's non-coastal areas. Not just Peruvians therefore have shared in the pay of growth. President GARCIA's pursuit of sound trade augmented macroeconomic policies has mount up him political support since blow* election. Nevertheless, he remains imprison to Peru's free-trade path. Since 2006, Peru has signed trade arrangement with the United States, Canada, Singapore, also China, close negotiations with the European Union, and intrude trade talks with Korea, Japan, further others. The US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA) be developed into break in 1 February 2009, opening the way to terrible trade still investment centermost the two economies. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 0.9% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 10.32 million (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 8.1% (2009 est.) Labor Force 44.5% (2006) Unemployment Rate 52 (2008) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income 24.8% of GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate 23.67% (31 December 2008) Central Bank Discount Rate $15.48 heaps (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $25.27 (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $21.98 loads (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $69.75 zillions (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit asparagus, coffee, cocoa, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, pineapples, guavas, bananas, apples, lemons, pears, coca, tomatoes, mango, barley, medicinal plants, palm oil, marigold, onion, wheat, sponge beans; poultry, beef, dairy farm products; fish; guinea pigs Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares mining over and above refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum stratum along with refining, natural gas; delve for including amateur processing, textiles, clothing, muscle processing Agriculture - Products -4.5% (2009 est.) Industries 30.57 plenty kWh (2008 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 28.97 lots kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Production 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 114,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 160,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 68,640 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Consumption 133,100 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Exports 460.8 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 3.39 masses cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 3.39 many cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 335.3 zillions cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports $247 million (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $26.89 scads (2009 est.) Current Account Balance copper, gold, zinc, uncivil petroleum together with petroleum products, coffee, potatoes, asparagus, textiles, fishmeal Exports US 20%, China 15.2%, Canada 8.3%, Japan 7%, Chile 5.8%, Brazil 4.2% (2008) Exports Commodities $21.01 loads (2009 est.) Exports Partners petroleum fresh petroleum products, plastics, machinery, vehicles, iron innumerable steel, wheat, paper Imports US 23.4%, China 10.5%, Brazil 8.7%, Ecuzador 6.4%, Chile 5%, Argentina 5%, Mexico 4.5% (2008) Imports Commodities $33.23 plenty (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $30.04 abundance (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $34.6 tons (31 December 2009 est.) Debt - External $1.694 many (31 December 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999) Television Broadcast Stations 13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997) Internet Country Code .pe Airports 201 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18-30 years of heyday choose voluntary male exceeding female military service; no enlistment (2008)
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