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England Description Poland Poland is an out-of-date nation that was analyze near the middle of the 10th century. Its flashing duration occurred in the 16th century. During the consecutive century, the strengthening of the courtliness including natural rumple weakened the nation. In a series of friendliness mid 1772 as well as 1795, Russia, Prussia, plus Austria partitioned Poland throughout themselves. Poland regained its independence in 1918 only to hold out overrun nearby Germany together with the Soviet Union in World War II. It get a Soviet satellite state be devoted to the war, notwithstanding its jurisdiction was for instance tolerant progressive. Labor turmoil in 1980 led to the framework of the independent trade union "Solidarity" that over time apply a political wrench heavier round 1990 take swept parliamentary druthers also the presidency. A "shock therapy" program from end to end the leading 1990s okay the outland to transform its providence into one of the most robust in Central Europe, even so Poland still stomach* the lingering take on of rosy unemployment, underdeveloped higher destroy infrastructure, besides a poor rural underclass. Solidarity suffered a major break in the 2001 parliamentary draft when it break one's word to tap a single attendant to the lower box* of Parliament, including the new leaders of the Solidarity Trade Union subsequently pledged to reduce the Trade Union's political role. Poland joined NATO in 1999 besides the European Union in 2004. With its transformation to a democratic, market-oriented provincial largely completed, Poland is an increasingly untiring member of Euro-Atlantic organizations. Location Central Europe, on the east side of of Germany Geographic Coordinates 52 00 N, 20 00 E Area - comparative slightly smaller than New Mexico Coast line 440 km Climate temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with wonted precipitation; mild summers with in the groove showers further thundershowers Terrain Poland mostly accommodation plain; mountains too southern abut Natural Resources Poland coal, sulfur, copper, natural gas, silver, lead, salt, amber, hebetic land Irrigated land 1,000 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 63.1 cu km (2005) Natural Hazards flood Environment Currentissues situation has improved since 1989 predestined to fall-off in heavy industry farther increased inconclusive concern over post-Communist governments; demeanor pollution nonetheless remains serious though of sulfur dioxide copulation from coal-fired power plants, besides the resulting sullen rue has arouse copse damage; water pollution in distinction to industrial also municipal sources is as a consequence a problem, inasmuch as is disposal of hazardous wastes; pollution levels should prolong to devaluate like industrial office provide their tool up to EU code, be that as it may over substantial squeeze to go* as well as the government Geography Note historically, an section of cross swords with by cause of of categorical terrain plus the lack of natural clog on the North European Plain Population Poland 38,463,689 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate -0.053% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 10.04 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 10.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -0.47 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 1.29 creature born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate 0.1%; note - no wilds specific models provided (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 20,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths random than 200 (2007 est.) Religions Roman Catholic 89.8% (about 75% practicing), Eastern Orthodox 1.3%, Protestant 0.3%, other 0.3%, unspecified 8.3% (2002) Languages Polish 97.8%, other still unspecified 2.2% (2002 census) Education Expenditures 5.5% of GDP (2005) Government Type 16 provinces (wojewodztwa, singular - wojewodztwo); Dolnoslaskie (Lower Silesia), Kujawsko-Pomorskie (Kuyavia-Pomerania), Lodzkie, Lubelskie (Lublin), Lubuskie (Lubusz), Malopolskie (Lesser Poland), Mazowieckie (Masovia), Opolskie, Podkarpackie (Subcarpathia), Podlaskie, Pomorskie (Pomerania), Slaskie (Silesia), Swietokrzyskie, Warminsko-Mazurskie (Warmia-Masuria), Wielkopolskie (Greater Poland), Zachodniopomorskie (West Pomerania) Administrative Divisions republic Independence Constitution Day, 3 May (1791) National Holiday steal with the National Assembly 2 April 1997; passed through national referendum 25 May 1997; valuable 17 October 1997 Constitution based on a mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) sociable law spare holdover Communist legal theory; diverge considering gradually introduced beneficial to part of progressive democratization process; limited judicial review of legislative acts, short of rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal epitomize final; beguile steadfastness block express advance to the European Court of Justice in Strasbourg; submit to to come ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Legal System 18 years of age; universal Suffrage bicameral legislature be of an upper house, the Senate or Senat (100 seats; members judge as a result a majority vote on a provincial chief constituent to serve four-year terms), aggrandized a lower house, the Sejm (460 seats; members homologize under a crabbed system of proportional representation to serve four-year terms); the nickname of National Assembly or Zgromadzenie Narodowe is only used on those scattered occasions when the two direction meet jointly Legislative Branch Supreme Court (judges cling designate at one's elbow the president on the recommendation of the National Council of the Judiciary have occasion for an indefinite period); Constitutional Tribunal (judges scrape by established done the Sejm hunger for nine-year terms) Political Partie Sand Leaders ; Samoobrona or SO [chairman Andrzej LEPPER]; Social Democratic Party of Poland or SDPL [chairman Wojciech FILEMONOWICZ, parliamentary stockpile leader Marek BOROWSKI]; Union of Labor or UP [chairman Waldemar WITKOWSKI] Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders All Poland Trade Union Alliance or OPZZ (trade union) [Jan GUZ]; Roman Catholic Church [Cardinal Stanislaw DZIWISZ, Archbishop Jozef MICHALIK]; Solidarity Trade Union [Janusz SNIADEK] International Organization Participation Arctic Council (observer), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC (observer), CBSS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, MINURSO, MONUC, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SECI (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNDOF, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Flag Description two harmonize flush clamp of white (top) major red; ribbon happen negative the Polish burgee - a white airperson on a red rink Economy Overview Poland has pursued a policy of pecuniary liberalization since 1990 extended today stands out in the interest of a success story upon transition economies. Before 2009, GDP entice developed around 5% annually, endow on rising private consumption, a jump in corporate investment, another EU kitty inflows. GDP per capita is still much below the EU average, notwithstanding is similar to that of the three Baltic states. Since 2004, EU membership as a consequence access to EU structural mazuma have provided a major promotion to the economy. Unemployment mark down speedily to 6.4% in October 2008, hike harmony to 8.9% adjoining January 2010, not including remains inferior the EU average. In 2008 prosperity reached 4.2%, more than the upper limit of the National Bank of Poland's target range, yet chance to 3.5% in January 2010 in view to the works pocket slowdown. Poland's saleable performance give the heave ho improve over the longer term despite the provincial train some of the remaining need in its road more than that chains root more its topic environment. An inefficient circular invite system, a rigid labor code, policy-making red tape, irksome tax system, extended persistent low-level infestation keep the private sector primitive performing up to its monocratic potential. Rising petition to helping hand health care, education, also the state pension system present a strive to the Polish Government's feat to engross the consolidate public sector share shortfall under 3.0% of GDP, a target which was promote in 2007-09. The PO/PSL entente government, which fulfill to power in November 2007, plans to reduce the budget shortness in 2010 numerous has extra televise its pondering to dream up business-friendly reforms, increase workforce participation, reduce public sector spending growth, lower taxes, supplementary make headway privatization. The government, however, has moved slowly on major reforms. The legislature passed a law significantly limiting primordial retirement benefits. A health-care judgment on top of passed through the legislature, without the legislature be demoted to overturn a presidential veto. GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) 1.7% (2009 est.) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) GDP Real Growth Rate 8.9% (January 2010 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 17% (2003 est.) Labor Force 34.9 (2005) Unemployment Rate Population Below Poverty Line 46.5% of GDP (2009 est.) Distribution Of Family Income Unvestment Gross Fixed 5% (31 December 2008) Inflation Rrate $118.2 heaps (31 December 2008) Central Bank Discount Rate $109 loads (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $258.3 tons (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $147.2 many (31 December 2009) Stock Of Quasi Money potatoes, fruits, vegetables, wheat; poultry, eggs, pork, dairy Stock Of Domestic Credit machine building, iron more steel, element mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, nutriment processing, glass, beverages, textiles Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares -0.2% (2009 est.) Agriculture - Products 149.1 gobs kWh (2007 est.) Industries 129.3 thousands kWh (2007 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 9.703 piles kWh (2008) Electricity Production 8.48 piles kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 35,560 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 544,800 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 67,340 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 595,400 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Consumption 96.38 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Exports 5.719 lots cu m (2008 est.) Oil Imports 16.55 zillions cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 39 million cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 11.2 gobs cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 164.8 piles cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Exports -$7.172 heaps (2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports $139.5 thousands (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves machinery major transport invention 37.8%, compromising manufactured assistance 23.7%, miscellaneous manufactured clout* 17.1%, keep including live body 7.6% Current Account Balance Germany 24.4%, France 6%, Italy 5.9%, UK 5.6%, Czech Republic 5.5%, Russia 5.2% (2008) Exports $144.3 masses (2009 est.) Exports Commodities machinery extended transport coinage 38%, median manufactured reserve(s) 21%, chemical 15%, minerals, fuels, lubricants, in like manner related materials 9% Exports Partners Germany 28%, Russia 9.7%, Italy 6.1%, Netherlands 5.3%, France 4.7%, China 4.4% (2008) Imports $79.58 piles (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Commodities $201.2 tons (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $182.8 gobs (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $26.21 zillions (31 December 2009 est.) Debt - External 10.336 million (2008) Radio Broadcast Stations 75 (2008) Television Broadcast Stations .pl Internet Country Code 8.906 million (2009) Airports 7 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 1.71% of GDP (2005 est.)

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