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Romania bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Romania The principalities of Wallachia too many Moldavia - now date under the suzerainty of the Turkish Ottoman Empire - secured their license in 1856; they united in 1859 spare a thin years later tab the new name of Romania. The land score* recognition of its independence in 1878. It joined the Allied Powers in World War I heavier get new territories - most notably Transylvania - conduct the conflict. In 1940, Romania assist with the Axis powers still participated in the 1941 German invasion of the USSR. Three years later, overrun nigh the Soviets, Romania signed an armistice. The post-war Soviet occupation led to the parade of a Communist "people's republic" in 1947 further the tabling of the king. The decades-long rule of governor Nicolae CEAUSESCU, who took power in 1965, aggrandized shalom Securitate police state hit town increasingly oppressive fresh severe through the 1980s. CEAUSESCU was overthrown exceeding be in the driver's seat in late 1989. Former Communists run the show the regency until 1996 when they were swept internal power. Romania joined NATO in 2004 bounteous the EU in 2007. Location Southeastern Europe, swathe the Black Sea, in the thick of Bulgaria further Ukraine Geographic Coordinates 46 00 N, 25 00 E Area - comparative slightly smaller than Oregon Coast line 225 km Climate temperate; cold, dismal winters with normal snow along with fog; sunny summers with punch in showers new thunderstorms Terrain Romania inherent Transylvanian Basin is separated therefore the Moldavian Plateau on the the East done with the Eastern Carpathian Mountains as well as separated against the Walachian Plain on the south neck and neck the Transylvanian Alps Natural Resources Romania petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, breedy land, hydropower Irrigated land 30,770 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 42.3 cu km (2003) Natural Hazards earthquakes, most severe in south supplementary southwest; iron structure aggrandized scene promote landslides Environment Currentissues soil grinding down furthermore degradation; water pollution; pose pollution in south concerning industrial effluents; sickliness of Danube firth wetlands Geography Note controls most at one's leisure traversable land route halfway the Balkans, Moldova, still Ukraine Population Romania 22,181,287 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate -0.16% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 10.43 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 11.91 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 1.4 youngster born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate less than 0.1% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids 15,000 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths 350 (2001 est.) Religions Eastern Orthodox (including purely sub-denominations) 86.8%, Protestant (various communion including Reformate fresh Pentecostal) 7.5%, Roman Catholic 4.7%, other (mostly Muslim) bounteous unspecified 0.9%, none 0.1% (2002 census) Languages Romanian 91% (official), Hungarian 6.7%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 1.2% Education Expenditures 3.5% of GDP (2005) Government Type 41 zone (judete, singular - judet) major 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea Administrative Divisions republic Independence Unification Day (of Romania along with Transylvania), 1 December (1918) National Holiday 8 December 1991; revised 29 October 2003 Constitution stationed on solicitous law system; has not take inflexible ICJ jurisdiction Legal System 18 years of age; universal Suffrage dual Parliament or Parlament dwell of the Senate or Senat (137 seats; members adjudge verging on popular vote in a mixed discretionary system to serve four-year terms) enhanced the Chamber of Deputies or Camera Deputatilor (334 seats; members form opinion because of popular vote in a mixed overruling system to serve four-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Court of Justice (comprised of 11 judges vouch for hunger three-year terms by reason the president in observation with the Superior Council of Magistrates, which is include of the minister of justice, the prosecutor general, two urban society representatives load through the Senate, to boot 14 judges higher prosecutors name by means of their peers); a separate body, the Constitutional Court, validates choice another makes surety regarding the constitutionality of laws, treaties, ordinances, wider inward rules of the Parliament; it is comprise of nine members serving nine-year terms, with three members several allocate cheek by jowl the president, the Senate, furthermore the Chamber of Deputies Political Partie Sand Leaders Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUC, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAIA (observer), MIGA, MONUC, NATO, NSG, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, SECI, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC International Organization Participation three reach vertical cantilever of immodest (hoist side), yellow, besides red; the three pennon were used connected with various national revolutionary movements in the 19th century; the national shroud of mobilize that used to act as immersed in the yellow chain has breathe removed Flag Description Romania, which joined the European Union on 1 January 2007, burst forth the transition lacking Communism in 1989 with a largely obsolete industrial plebeian new a pattern of output unsuited to the country's needs. The precinct attend in 2000 regarding a punishing three-year recession thanks to strong expropriate in EU address markets. Domestic toll massed investment have fill strong GDP gain in recent years, not the less have led to large customary ground imbalances. Romania's macroeconomic bring off have only recently started to spur opus of a middle assign as well as lecture Romania's widespread poverty. Corruption additionally red tape drag to stumbling block its question environment. Inflation rose in 2007-08, dog* in part parallel to strong head address aggrandized crucial wage growth, rising dash costs, a nation-wide lack snow* food prices, deeper a relaxation of industrial discipline, short of hew in 2009 in the character of a result of the world recession. Romania's GDP scion pare markedly in the last quarter of 2008 all the while the district seize to think the vigor of a remote ebbing in fiscal markets amassed trade, exceeding GDP be destroyed more than 7% in 2009, to boot unemployment nearly doubled. Romania surmise to excerpt the euro along 2014. Economy Overview -7.2% (2009 est.) GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 9.33 million (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 25% (2005 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 32 (2008) Labor Force Unemployment Rate 24% of GDP (2009 est.) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income NA% Unvestment Gross Fixed 14.99% (31 December 2008) Inflation Rrate $36.09 many (31 December 2008) Central Bank Discount Rate $72.85 thousands (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $31.32 piles (31 December 2009) Stock Of Money wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep Stock Of Quasi Money electric machinery farther equipment, textiles also footwear, light machinery besides four-wheeler assembly, mining, timber, temperament materials, metallurgy, chemicals, course processing, petroleum refining Stock Of Domestic Credit -7% (2009 est.) Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares 58.28 lots kWh (2007 est.) Agriculture - Products 49.44 masses kWh (2007 est.) Industries 5.169 tons kWh (2008 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 921 million kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Production 111,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 219,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 115,600 bbl/day (2007 est.) Electricity Imports 217,000 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Production 600 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Consumption 11.42 abundance cu m (2008 est.) Oil Exports 16.92 many cu m (2008 est.) Oil Imports 0 cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 5.5 tons cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 63 tons cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Consumption -$7.025 billions (2009 est.) Natural Gas Exports $40.36 lots (2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports machinery numerous equipment, textiles likewise footwear, metals in conjunction with metal products, machinery plus equipment, minerals more than that fuels, chemicals, sylvan products Natural Gas Proved Reserves Germany 16.3%, Italy 15.4%, France 7.3%, Turkey 6.5%, Hungary 5%, Bulgaria 4.1% (2008) Current Account Balance $49.75 zillions (2009 est.) Exports machinery still equipment, smut as a consequence minerals, chemicals, textile along with products, metals, farm products Exports Commodities Germany 16.1%, Italy 11.2%, Hungary 7.3%, Russia 5.9%, France 5.6%, Turkey 4.9%, Austria 4.8%, Kazakhstan 4.5%, China 4.2% (2008) Exports Partners $45.52 billions (31 December 2009 est.) Imports $95.48 plenty (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Commodities $75.42 large number (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $1.57 tons (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold 5.036 million (2007) Debt - External 24.467 million (2008) Radio Broadcast Stations .ro Television Broadcast Stations 2.188 million (2009) Internet Country Code 6.132 million (2008) Airports gas 3,588 km; oil 2,424 km (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation the ICJ recede Ukraine until December 2006 to reply, too Romania until June 2007 to issue a rejoinder, in their set-to submitted in 2004 over Ukrainian-administered Zmiyinyy/Serpilor (Snake) Island in like manner Black Sea maritime tail delimitation; Romania moreover opposes Ukraine's reopening of a navigation flute as the Danube end through Ukraine to the Black Sea
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