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Syria bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Syria Following World War I, France get a mandate over the northern portion of the overdue Ottoman Empire province of Syria. The French charge the stretch in order to get Syria until yield it independence in 1946. The new power lacked political stability, however, besides run smack into a series of military execution during its basic decades. Syria united with Egypt in February 1958 to acquire the United Arab Republic. In September 1961, the two occurrence separated, over and above the Syrian Arab Republic was reestablished. In November 1970, Hafiz al-ASAD, a member of the Socialist Ba'th Party likewise the minority Alawite sect, seized power in a greyish innovation too many lift political stability to the country. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights to Israel. During the 1990s, Syria along with Israel held occasional peace talks over its return. Following the afterlife of President al-ASAD, rumble son, Bashar al-ASAD, was recognize beneficial to president found in popular referendum in July 2000. Syrian troops - stationed in Lebanon since 1976 in an ostensible peacekeeping role - were withdrawn in April 2005. During the July-August 2006 clashing among Israel plus Hizballah, Syria placed its military hoopla* on enlivened excluding discharge not intervene manifestly on of its backup* Hizballah. In May 2007 Bashar al-ASAD was award to theirs second term just for President. Location Middle East, edge the Mediterranean Sea, common Lebanon as a consequence Turkey Geographic Coordinates 35 00 N, 38 00 E Area - comparative slightly larger than North Dakota Coast line 193 km Climate mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) wider mild, soaking winters (December to February) on coast; reserved weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus Terrain Syria primarily semiarid besides solitary plateau; narrow oceanic plain; mountains in west Natural Resources Syria petroleum, phosphates, bronze together with manganese ores, asphalt, iron ore, rock salt, marble, gypsum, hydropower Irrigated land 13,330 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 46.1 cu km (1997) Natural Hazards dust storms, sandstorms Environment Currentissues deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution from raw sewage more than that petroleum refining wastes; inadequate potable water Geography Note there last 42 Israeli settlements deeper civilian land use sites in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights (August 2005 est.) Population Syria 22,198,110 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.954% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 24.44 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 3.7 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate NA Total Fertility Rate 3.02 something born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate less than 0.1% (2001 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids rare than 500 (2003 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths lean than 200 (2003 est.) Religions Sunni Muslim 74%, other Muslim (includes Alawite, Druze) 16%, Christian (various denominations) 10%, Jewish (tiny coterie in Damascus, Al Qamishli, besides Aleppo) Languages Arabic (official); Kurdish, Armenian, Aramaic, Circassian widely understood; French, English somewhat understood Education Expenditures 3.9% of GDP (1999) Government Type 14 provinces (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Al Hasakah, Al Ladhiqiyah (Latakia), Al Qunaytirah, Ar Raqqah, As Suwayda', Dar'a, Dayr az Zawr, Dimashq, Halab, Hamah, Hims, Idlib, Rif Dimashq (Damascus), Tartus Administrative Divisions republic under an despotic military-dominated regime Independence Independence Day, 17 April (1946) National Holiday 13-Mar-73 Constitution implant on a crowd of French together with Ottoman courteous law; Islamic law is used in the quality magistrate system; has not hold directed ICJ jurisdiction Legal System 18 years of age; universal Suffrage unicameral People's Council or Majlis al-Shaab (250 seats; members poll finished popular vote to serve four-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Judicial Council (appoints as a consequence retire judges; headed beside the president); national level - Supreme Constitutional Court (adjudicates appointing spook numerous rules on creed of laws and decrees; justices assign in furtherance of four-year terms in company with the president); Court of Cassation; Appeals Courts (Appeals Courts represent an intermediate level mean the Court of Cassation extra local level courts); local level - Magistrate Courts; Courts of First Instance; Juvenile Courts; Customs Courts; specialized bar - Economic Security Courts (hear transaction related to monetary crimes); Supreme State Security Court (hear plea related to national security); Personal Status Courts (religious; hear declaration related to marriage extended divorce) Political Partie Sand Leaders Damascus Declaration National Council [Riyad SEIF, secretary general] (a spare cahoots of opposition circle extended individuals including: Committee since Revival of Civil Society [Michel KILO, Riyad SEIF]; Communist Action Party [Fateh JAMOUS]; Kurdish Democratic Alliance; Kurdish Democratic Front; Liberal Nationalists' Movement; National Democratic Rally; again Syrian Human Rights Society or HRAS [Fawed FAWUZ]); National Salvation Front (alliance 'tween preliminary Vice President Abd al-Halim KHADDAM plus other small opposition groups); Syrian Muslim Brotherhood or SMB [Sadr al-Din al-BAYANUNI] (operates in except in London; sign off on the Damascus Declaration, barring is not an official member) Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO International Organization Participation three accord stabile girder of red (top), white, supplementary black, glow Xerox with the Arab Liberation flag; two small, green, five-pointed stars in a continuous line pile in the white band; old fade of the United Arab Republic where the two stars represented the member states of Syria aggrandized Egypt; the time-honored propose follow to 1980 Flag Description Syrian handy enrichment slowed to 1.8% in 2009 in contemplation of the discursive capable high noon alarm oil prices further the direction of Syria's key drop partners too sources of investment. Damascus has implemented modest in the market reforms in the past slim pickings years, including sharp lending apportionment rates, opening private banks, combine accumulation of the multiple proof rates, lift prices on some subsidized items, most notably fuel additionally cement, more ratify the Damascus Stock Exchange - which was set to go ahead operations in 2009. In addition, President ASAD signed legislative list to pull for popular ownership reform, conjointly to uphold the Central Bank to issue Treasury statute plus cord notwithstanding presidency debt. Nevertheless, the economy remains highly captivate parallel to the government. Long-run budgetary constraint include degrade oil production, rosy unemployment, rising steal deficits, innumerable increasing pressure on water supplies embark on through heavy use in agriculture, buoyant population growth, industrial expansion, including water pollution. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 1.8% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 5.382 million (2009 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 8.5% (2009 est.) Labor Force 11.9% (2006 est.) Unemployment Rate Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income 31.9% of GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate NA% Central Bank Discount Rate $73.54 zillions (31 December 2008) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $73.93 masses (31 December 2008) Stock Of Money $84.31 gobs (31 December 2008) Stock Of Quasi Money $NA Stock Of Domestic Credit wheat, barley, cotton, lentils, chickpeas, olives, sugar beets; beef, mutton, eggs, poultry, milk Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares petroleum, textiles, prolongation processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining, cement, oil seeds crushing, wheels assembly Agriculture - Products -0.6% (2009 est.) Industries 36.5 tons kWh (2007 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 27.35 piles kWh (2007 est.) Electricity Production 0 kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 1.4 loads kWh (2007) Electricity Exports 375,000 bbl/day (2009 est.) Electricity Imports 256,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 155,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Consumption 58,710 bbl/day (2007 est.) Oil Exports 2.318 loads bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 6.04 large number cu m (2008 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 6.18 millions cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Production 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 140 million cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 240.7 abundance cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports -$326 million (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $11.76 loads (2009 est.) Current Account Balance crude oil, minerals, petroleum products, merchandise new vegetables, coddle fiber, textiles, clothing, meat along with live animals, wheat Exports Iraq 30.7%, Germany 9.8%, Lebanon 9.6%, Italy 6.4%, France 5.5%, Egypt 5.4%, Saudi Arabia 5.1% (2008) Exports Commodities $13.34 lots (2009 est.) Exports Partners machinery exceeding transport equipment, changing power machinery, chow moreover livestock, metal along with metal products, gunpowder on top of shot products, plastics, yarn, paper Imports Saudi Arabia 11.7%, China 8.7%, Russia 7.5%, Italy 5.9%, Egypt 5.8%, UAE 5.7%, Turkey 4.3%, Iran 4.2% (2008) Imports Commodities $6.328 plenty (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $7.621 scads (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold Debt - External Radio Broadcast Stations AM 14, FM 15, shortwave 26 (2010) Television Broadcast Stations 44 (plus 17 repeaters) (1995) Internet Country Code .sy Airports 104 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18 years of life in that habitual military service; join up service obligation - 30 months (18 months in the Syrian Arab Navy); women reproduce not constrained saving may volunteer to serve (2004)
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