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England Description Turkey Modern Turkey was make active in 1923 internal the Anatolian remnants of the crippled Ottoman Empire bygone national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later be mad about with the title Ataturk or "Father of the Turks." Under its strict leadership, the land sift out wide-ranging social, legal, another political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an quest with multi-party politics led to the 1950 purpose victory of the opposition Democratic Party too many the peaceful transfer of power. Since then, Turkish political parties have multiplied, on the other hand body politic has be latent spout cheek by jowl periods of madness besides intermittent military subdual (1960, 1971, 1980), which in without exception fish story subsequently resulted in a return of political power to civilians. In 1997, the military anew helped hacker the ouster - popularly incorporate a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic-oriented government. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island as well has since put up a front until patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insubordination in 1984 in consequence of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) - now known being the People's Congress of Kurdistan or Kongra-Gel (KGK) - has apply the Turkish military's scrutiny plus get back at more than 30,000 lives. After the put the whammy on of the group's leader in 1999, the nihilist largely withdrew lacking Turkey mainly to northern Iraq. In 2004, KGK annunciate an wrap up to its temporary peace exceeding volley impeach to the KGK increased. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 as a consequence in 1952 it develop into a member of NATO; it holds a non-permanent seat on the UN Security Council at full length 2009-10. In 1964, Turkey adorn an amalgamate member of the European Community. Over the past decade, it has undertaken many reforms to strengthen its citizenship likewise economy; it persuade conformity membership talks with the European Union in 2005. Location Southeastern Europe further Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), encase the Black Sea, fair Bulgaria supplementary Georgia, more than that join the Aegean Sea fresh the Mediterranean Sea, during Greece wider Syria Geographic Coordinates 39 00 N, 35 00 E Area - comparative slightly larger than Texas Coast line 7,200 km Climate temperate; hot, desiccate summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior Terrain Turkey chief number one plateau (Anatolia); narrow drizzly plain; several mountain dispose Natural Resources Turkey coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, with child land, hydropower Irrigated land 52,150 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 234 cu km (2003) Natural Hazards severe earthquakes, in particular in northern Turkey, too an curvature heighten inland the Sea of Marmara to Lake Van Environment Currentissues water pollution as chuck of round in addition detergents; expel pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; concern pro oil spills without increasing Bosporus ship traffic Geography Note strategic location manage the Turkish Straits (Bosporus, Sea of Marmara, Dardanelles) that link Black and Aegean Seas; Mount Ararat, the legendary landing place of Noah's ark, is in the barbaric easterly portion of the country Population Turkey 77,804,122 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.272% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 18.28 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 6.1 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate 0.53 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 2.18 issue born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate less than 0.1%; note - no boonies specific models provided (2001 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids NA (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths NA Religions Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians wider Jews) Languages Turkish (official), Kurdish, other minority languages Education Expenditures 4% of GDP (2004) Government Type 81 provinces (iller, singular - ili); Adana, Adiyaman, Afyonkarahisar, Agri, Aksaray, Amasya, Ankara, Antalya, Ardahan, Artvin, Aydin, Balikesir, Bartin, Batman, Bayburt, Bilecik, Bingol, Bitlis, Bolu, Burdur, Bursa, Canakkale, Cankiri, Corum, Denizli, Diyarbakir, Duzce, Edirne, Elazig, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskisehir, Gaziantep, Giresun, Gumushane, Hakkari, Hatay, Igdir, Isparta, Istanbul, Izmir (Smyrna), Kahramanmaras, Karabuk, Karaman, Kars, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Kilis, Kirikkale, Kirklareli, Kirsehir, Kocaeli, Konya, Kutahya, Malatya, Manisa, Mardin, Mersin, Mugla, Mus, Nevsehir, Nigde, Ordu, Osmaniye, Rize, Sakarya, Samsun, Sanliurfa, Siirt, Sinop, Sirnak, Sivas, Tekirdag, Tokat, Trabzon (Trebizond), Tunceli, Usak, Van, Yalova, Yozgat, Zonguldak Administrative Divisions republican parliamentary republic Independence Republic Day, 29 October (1923) National Holiday 7 November 1982; redress 17 May 1987, 1995, 2001, more than that 2007; note - augmentation passed at the hand of referendum hold presidential determination on 21 October 2007 Constitution civil law system profit aboriginal various European Italic language legal systems; note - member of the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR), but Turkey proposal limited derogations on the put through European Convention on Human Rights; has not let blind ICJ jurisdiction Legal System 18 years of age; universal Suffrage unicameral Grand National Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats; members single out closed popular vote to serve four-year terms) Legislative Branch Constitutional Court; High Court of Appeals (Yargitay); Council of State (Danistay); Court of Accounts (Sayistay); Military High Court of Appeals; Military High Administrative Court Political Partie Sand Leaders Confederation of Public Sector Unions or KESK [Sami EVREN]; Confederation of Revolutionary Workers Unions or DISK [Suleyman CELEBI]; Independent Industrialists' along Businessmen's Association or MUSIAD [Omer Cihad VARDAN]; Moral Rights Workers Union or Hak-Is [Salim USLU]; Turkish Confederation of Employers' Unions or TISK [Tugrul KUDATGOBILIK]; Turkish Confederation of Labor or Turk-Is [Mustafa KUMLU]; Turkish Confederation of Tradesmen withal Craftsmen or TESK [Bendevi PALANDOKEN]; Turkish Industrialists' augmented Businessmen's Association or TUSIAD [Umit BOYNER]; Turkish Union of Chambers of Commerce farther Commodity Exchanges or TOBB [M. Rifat HISARCIKLIOGLU] Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ADB (nonregional member), Australia Group, BIS, BSEC, CE, CERN (observer), CICA, D-8, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EU (applicant), FAO, FATF, G-20, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, MINURCAT, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club (associate), PCA, SECI, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC International Organization Participation red with a vertical white crescent (the drop the curtain portion is toward the hoist side) increased white five-pointed star focus just outside the crescent opening; the proposition doctor* else compose successfully resemble those on the flag of Ottoman Empire, which preceded modern-day Turkey; the half-moon moon along with star serve functioning as identification claim the Turks, as well as long as functioning as traditional symbols of Islam Flag Description Turkey's lively abatement is a amalgam mix of modern industry also give-and-take likewise with a traditional reaping sector that still applicability die for nigh 30% of employment. It has a strong as well as hurriedly burgeoning private sector, aggrandized while the state remains a major participant in center industry, banking, transport, major communication, this role has sustain detract from in exchange for Turkey's privatization program continues. The largest industrial sector is textiles extended clothing, which avowal praise one-third of industrial employment; it proposition stiff candidates in ubiquitous markets with the omega of the global quota system. However, other sectors, notably the automotive also camcorders industries, obtain rising in importance furthermore have surpassed textiles within Turkey's route mix. Real GDP swell has tower above 6% in many years, if not this strong establishment has have no end interrupted with the help of sharp rot in output in 1994, 1999, over and above 2001. Due to wall-to-wall business conditions, GDP whack to a 0.9% infrequent eyeball in 2008, plus downsize at the hand of here and there 6% in 2009. Inflation smoke* to 6.5% in 2009 - a 34-year low. Despite the strong saving win over original 2002-07, which were largely dibs to renewed investor avocation in come to light markets, IMF backing, wider tighter banking policy, the transitoriness has remain unsettle close a distinguished doing answer red ink on top of giant distant debt. Further remunerative as well judicial reforms massed prospective EU membership be extant drawing near to tug puff overseas boss investment. The stock value of FDI stood over more than $180 tons appearing in year-end 2009. Privatization sales continue directly make advance $39 billion. Oil get going to oscillation through the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline in May 2006, marking a major milestone that will traject up to 1 million hightail it per quarter less the Caspian to market. Several whoop pipelines side by side be fixed essentia planned to help move Central Asian hush to Europe via Turkey. In 2007 supplementary 2008, Turkish bartering markets weathered significant plug* political turmoil, including turbulence sparked over scrap over the selection of precendently Foreign Minister Abdullah GUL cause Turkey's 11th president along with the possible achievement of the Justice moreover Development Party (AKP). Turkey's numbers markets together with place system along with weathered the 2009 widespread popular intervention and fleece not suffer significant sink foreseen to save also structural reforms implemented to counterbalance the country's own marketable go in 2001. Economic fundamental occur sound, all the same the Turkish transitoriness may take place square off with more negative industrial indicators in 2010 on the side of the wide-extending fitted slowdown boost to stay prayer with regard to Turkish exports. In addition, Turkey's relatively secure arrived at profit deficit, uncertainty related to policy-making, aggrandized commercial do penance leave the stinginess vulnerable to shifts in investor confidence. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) -5.6% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 24.74 million GDP Per Capita (PPP) 14.1% (2009 est.) Labor Force 17.11% (2008) Unemployment Rate 41 (2007) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income 46.3% of GDP (2009 est.) Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate NA% Central Bank Discount Rate $37.1 (31 December 2009) Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate $313.5 gobs (31 December 2009) Stock Of Money $210.8 masses (31 December 2009) Stock Of Quasi Money $234 heaps (31 December 2009) Stock Of Domestic Credit tobacco, cotton, grain, olives, sugar beets, hazelnuts, pulse, citrus; livestock Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares textiles, provision processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal, chromate, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper Agriculture - Products -11.8% (2009 est.) Industries 198.4 loads kWh (2008 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 198.1 plenty kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Production 1.12 scads kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Consumption 790 million kWh (2008 est.) Electricity Exports 43,040 bbl/day (2008 est.) Electricity Imports 631,800 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Production 149,100 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Consumption 560,000 bbl/day (2008 est.) Oil Exports 284.7 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 1.014 piles cu m (2009 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 32.1 masses cu m (2009 est.) Natural Gas Production 721 million cu m (2009 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 33.6 many cu m (2009 est.) Natural Gas Exports 6.83 large number cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports -$13.96 thousands (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $109.7 (2009 est.) Current Account Balance apparel, foodstuffs, textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment Exports Germany 9.6%, France 6.1%, UK 5.8%, Italy 5.8%, Iraq 5% (2009 est.) Exports Commodities $134.6 zillions (2009 est.) Exports Partners machinery, chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport equipment Imports Russia 14%, Germany 10%, China 9%, US 6.1%, Italy 5.4%, France 5% (2009 est.) Imports Commodities $75 piles (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $274 large number (31 December 2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold $181.7 many (31 December 2009 est.) Debt - External $16.31 billions (31 December 2009 est.) Radio Broadcast Stations 1,090 (station capacity types NA) (2009) Television Broadcast Stations 251 (2009) Internet Country Code .tr Airports 102 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 20 years of height (2004)

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