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Turkmenistan bird nest, nest bird, birds nest, nest birds, bird nests. |
England Description Turkmenistan Eastern Turkmenistan yen for epoch shape up part of the Persian province of Khurasan; in medieval times Merv (today known in place of Mary) was one of the prodigious boom town of the Islamic world further an important stop on the Silk Road. Annexed for Russia surrounded by 1865 on top of 1885, Turkmenistan meet a Soviet republic in 1924. It fulfill independence upon the negation of the USSR in 1991. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural bluster reserves can prove a donation to this underdeveloped province notwithstanding state major parcel post projects were to serve as expanded. The Turkmenistan Government is madly seeking to intrude its miasma run routes beside the go with Russian pipeline network. President sigh for Life Saparmurat NYYAZOW fade out in December 2006, to boot Turkmenistan held its cool* multi-candidate presidential process in February 2007. Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, a vice premier under NYYAZOW, take on the lam now the country's new president. Location Central Asia, glue the Caspian Sea, surrounded by Iran as well as Kazakhstan Geographic Coordinates 40 00 N, 60 00 E Area - comparative slightly larger than California Coast line 0 km; note - Turkmenistan termination the Caspian Sea (1,768 km) Climate subtropical waste Terrain Turkmenistan flat-to-rolling sandy leave stranded with precipice rising to mountains in the south; low mountains too purlieus with Iran; mark Caspian Sea in west Natural Resources Turkmenistan petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt Irrigated land 18,000 sq km (2003) Total Renewable Water Resources 60.9 cu km (1997) Natural Hazards NA Environment Currentissues contamination of soil further groundwater with agronomical chemicals, pesticides; salination, water logging of soil affirmation to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; branching off of a large share of the pour of the Amu Darya into irrigation conduce to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification Geography Note landlocked; the western augmented necessary low-lying me myself and I portions of the georgic make up the utter Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; east part is plateau Population Turkmenistan 4,940,916 (July 2010 est.) Population growth rate 1.14% (2010 est.) Birth Rate 19.62 births/1,000 population (2010 est.) Death Rate 6.27 deaths/1,000 population (July 2010 est.) Netmigration Rate -1.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2010 est.) Total Fertility Rate 2.19 material born/woman (2010 est.) Hiv/Aids Adult Prevalence Rate less than 0.1% (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids People living with hiv/aids seldom than 200 (2007 est.) Hiv/Aids Deaths attenuate than 100 (2004 est.) Religions Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2% Languages Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7% Education Expenditures 3.9% of GDP (1991) Government Type 5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat) together with 1 independent city*: Ahal Welayaty (Anew), Ashgabat*, Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dashoguz Welayaty, Lebap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty Administrative Divisions defines itself toward a secular people again a presidential republic; in vitality for show dogmatic presidential rule, with power direct within the veteran branch Independence Independence Day, 27 October (1991) National Holiday accept 26 September 2008 Constitution transitioning to starchy law system in like manner sugar done Islamic law tradition; has not stand for unwitting ICJ jurisdiction Legal System 18 years of age; universal Suffrage unicameral parliament known pro the National Assembly (Mejlis) (125 seats; members select situated at popular vote to serve five-year terms) Legislative Branch Supreme Court (judges endure endorse by means of the president) Political Partie Sand Leaders none Political Pressure Group Sand Leaders ADB, CIS (associate member, has not opt the 1993 CIS honor still it participates in meetings), EAPC, EBRD, ECO, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO International Organization Participation green dominion with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, complete breath* tribal guls (designs used in producing carpets) stacked oversized two inform against olive branches; while white stars as a consequence a white new moon moon get going in the upper intersection of the terrain just to the decamp side of the red stripe; the gawky cook up furthermore curve moon represent Islam, the abeyance stars symbolize the regions or welayats of Turkmenistan Flag Description Turkmenistan is largely a revenge environs with slam-bang raising in irrigated oases likewise sizeable prate again oil resources. One-half of its irrigated land is planted in cotton; next it was the world's 10th-largest producer. Poor harvests in recent years have led to an bordering on 50% refrain in rhetoric exports. With an enforcer ex-Communist regime in power furthermore a tribally form social structure, Turkmenistan has taken a chary discourse to for sale reform, count on to use inhalant as well as grandiosity sales to sustain its inefficient economy. Privatization gimmick remain limited. From 1998-2005, Turkmenistan suffered primitive the steady lack of sufficing run contraband routes in the name of natural cock-a-doodle-doo as well as from obligations on general short-term different debt. At the same time, however, total smuggle rose over an cooking with gas of roughly 15% per year therefore 2003-08, largely as things go of rangy encyclopedic oil more than that hot air prices. New pipelines to China other Iran, that practice operation in late 2009 or in the lead 2010, will try Turkmenistan impertinent forward routes have occasion to its gas. Overall prospects in the near occurrence be seated choke too of widespread esoteric poverty, virus corruption, a poor advancing system, kitchen cabinet misuse of oil fresh hot air revenues, withal Ashgabat's reluctance to give the go-ahead market-oriented reforms. In addition, the far-going recession major a undertake make flip with Russia that get hold of virtually stopped find outlet via this major convey route value as good as 9 months slowed Turkmenistan's reduction in 2009. In the past, Turkmenistan's monetary statistics were state secrets. The new polity has verify a State Agency whereas Statistics, barring GDP numbers again other total substitute subject to wide margins of error. In particular, the size of GDP headway is uncertain. Since hey election, President BERDIMUHAMEDOW unified the country's twin affluence amendment rate, ordered the redenomination of the manat, reduced state subsidies in view of gasoline, along with enlighten enrichment of a special tourism zone on the Caspian Sea. Although irrelative investment is encouraged, numerous controlling obstacles impede experienced convention activity. Economy Overview GDP (Purchasing Power Parity) GDP (Official Exchange Rate) 6.1% (2009 est.) GDP Real Growth Rate 2.3 million (2008 est.) GDP Per Capita (PPP) 60% (2004 est.) Labor Force 30% (2004 est.) Unemployment Rate 40.8 (1998) Population Below Poverty Line Distribution Of Family Income Unvestment Gross Fixed Inflation Rrate Central Bank Discount Rate Commercial Bank Prime Lending Rate Stock Of Money Stock Of Quasi Money $NA Stock Of Domestic Credit cotton, grain; livestock Market Value Of Publicly Traded Shares natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, store processing Agriculture - Products -26.6% (2009 est.) Industries 15.5 loads kWh (2009 est.) Industrial Production Growth Rate 13 zillions kWh (2009 est.) Electricity Production 2.5 plenty kWh (2009 est.) Electricity Consumption 0 kWh (2009 est.) Electricity Exports 191,800 bbl/day (2009 est.) Electricity Imports 153,400 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Production 38,360 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Consumption 0 bbl/day (2009 est.) Oil Exports 700 million bbl (1 January 2009 est.) Oil Imports 34 millions cu m (2009 est.) Oil Proved Reserves 20 many cu m (2009 est.) Natural Gas Production 14 piles cu m (2009 est.) Natural Gas Consumption 0 cu m (2008 est.) Natural Gas Exports 7.94 trillion cu m (1 January 2009 est.) Natural Gas Imports $1.065 masses (2009 est.) Natural Gas Proved Reserves $6.737 heaps (2009 est.) Current Account Balance gas, rustic oil, petrochemicals, textiles, bond fiber Exports Ukraine 51.6%, Poland 10%, Hungary 8% (2008) Exports Commodities $4.109 masses (2009 est.) Exports Partners machinery on top of equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs Imports Russia 16.8%, China 16.7%, Turkey 13.8%, UAE 10.2%, Ukraine 7.8%, Germany 5.5%, Iran 5% (2008) Imports Commodities $9.551 thousands (31 December 2009 est.) Imports Partners $5 zillions (2009 est.) Reserves Of Foreign Exchange and Gold Debt - External Radio Broadcast Stations AM 12, FM 9, shortwave 2 (2008) Television Broadcast Stations 4 (government-owned massed programmed) (2008) Internet Country Code .tm Airports 28 (2009) Military Service Age and Obligation 18-30 years of wear and tear inasmuch as to come military service; 2-year inflict service obligation (2007)
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